Hydrogeology

This hydrogeology book is the English translation of the German textbook “Hydrogeologie” by Hölting and Coldewey. Published since 1980, this book is in its eighth edition. Its great success is attributed to the concept of the book. It was important for the authors to write a text that is generally easy to understand, both for experts and for persons who do not work in this special field. Consistent use of the internationally accepted SI units as well as the formula symbols in the text also contribute to the comprehensibility. All technical terms and their definitions match the various standards and are used consistently. Moreover, the original literature citations were completely revised in order to avoid misunderstandings and errors due to secondary sources. All of these points improve the readability and facilitate the understanding of the relatively complex concepts of general and applied hydrogeology.

Because this textbook is translated from the German edition, many of the hydrogeological examples depict the Central European region. Even though they have general relevance, knowledge of the local situation is not required. Furthermore, the book cites laws and regulations of the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Union (EU), whose meaning and handling are certainly also interesting for readers from other countries.

May this book promote understanding of the complex material of hydrogeology as well as the correlations between the fields of geology, hydrochemistry, geohydraulics and engineering for a wide international public and contribute to solving global problems with groundwater development, exploitation, and protection.

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The Handbook of Highway Engineering T. F. Fwa

The Handbook of Highway Engineering
T. F. Fwa

A safe and efficient land transportation system is an essential element of sustainable regional or national
economy.

Roads have been and continue to be the backbone of the land transportation network that provides the accessibility for the required mobility to support economic growth and promote social activities. As more and more advanced and speedy modes of transportation are developed over time, and as the economic activities of the human society grow in pace and sophistication, the roles of roads have multiplied and their importance increased. At the same time, the potential adverse impacts of road development have also grown in magnitude, especially when proper planning, design, construction or management is not carried out.

To fully exploit the benefits of highway development and minimize possible adverse influences, the study of highway engineering must expand from merely meeting the basic needs of offering safe and speedy access from one point to another, to a field of study that not only covers the structural and functional requirements of highways and city streets, but also addresses the socio-economic and environmental impacts of road network development.

Traditional engineering curriculum does not adequately cover these somewhat “softer” aspects of highway engineering and the societal roles of highway engineers. It is the intention of this Handbook to provide the deserved attention to these topics by devoting Part A with five chapters on issues related to highway planning and development.

Few professionals will disagree that the highway engineer today must have sufficient knowledge in the areas of highway financing, access management, environmental impacts, road safety and noise. The five chapters should provide the necessary information on the social and environmental responsibilities of a highway engineer to the undergraduate student of civil engineering and the graduate research student in highway engineering. In addition, the highway engineer and the general reader would find an in-depth up-to-date account of the trend toward privatization of highway development and financing of highway projects.

Content :

Part A Highway Planning and Development Issues
Financing Highways
Access Management of Highways
Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Development
Highway Safety
Road Traffic Noise
Part B Functional and Structural Design of Highways
Highway Geometric Design
Highway Materials
Design of Flexible Pavements
Design of Rigid Pavements
Design of Segmental Pavements
Overlay Design for Flexible Pavements
Overlay Design for Rigid Pavements
Highway Drainage Systems and Design
Part C Construction, Maintenance and Management of Highways
Highway Construction
Project Management in Highway Construction
Highway Maintenance
Pavement Management Systems

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Reynolds’s Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Handbook

A structure is an assembly of members each of which, under the action of imposed loads and deformations, is subjected to bending or direct force (either tensile or compressive), or to a combination of bending and direct force. These effects may be accompanied by shearing forces and sometimes by torsion.

Imposed deformations occur as a result of concrete shrinkage and creep, changes in temperature and differential settlement. Behaviour of the structure in the event of fire or accidental damage, resulting from impact or explosion, may need to be examined. The conditions of exposure to environmental and chemical attack also need to be considered.

Design includes selecting a suitable form of construction, determining the effects of imposed loads and deformations,
and providing members of adequate stiffness and resistance. The members should be arranged so as to combine efficient load transmission with ease of construction, consistent with the intended use of the structure and the nature of the site.

Experience and sound judgement are often more important than precise calculations in achieving safe and economical structures. Complex mathematics should not be allowed to confuse a sense of good engineering. The level of accuracy employed in the calculations should be consistent throughout the design process, wherever possible.

Structural design is largely controlled by regulations or codes but, even within such bounds, the designer needs to exercise judgement in interpreting the requirements rather than designing to the minimum allowed by the letter of a clause. In the United Kingdom for many years, the design of reinforced concrete structures has been based on the recommendations of British Standards.

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Structural Elements for Architects and Builders Jonathan Ochshorn

Structural Elements for Architects and Builders

Jonathan Ochshorn

Asis well known, architects and builders rarely design the structural elements and systems within their buildings, instead engaging the services of (and, it is to be hoped, collaborating with) structural engineers, or relying upon standard practices sanctioned by building codes. Where architects or builders wish to be adventurous with their structures, some knowledge of structural behavior and the potential of structural materials is certainly useful. On the other hand, where they are content to employ generic structural systems — platform framing in wood, simple skeletal frames in steel or reinforced concrete — one can get by with little actual knowledge of structural design, relying instead on the expertise of structural consultants and the knowledge of common spans, heights, and cross-sectional dimensions around which many ordinary buildings can be planned.

The heroic stage of modernism, in which architects often sought to reconcile structural behavior and overall building form — some finding inspiration in the structural frame or the load-bearing wall — was also the heroic stage of structural education for architects: it was hardly necessary, in that context, to explain why architects needed to learn about structures. Some of the same excitement about the potential of structure in architecture still remains, but it is also true that a “ mannerist ” tendency has emerged, interested not necessarily in renouncing the role of structure inarchitecture, but rather reveling in its potential to distort, twist, fragment, and otherwise subvert modernist conventions and the architectural forms they support.

Yet all structures, whether hidden from view or boldly expressed, follow the same laws of equilibrium, are exposed to the same types of forces and are constrained by the same material properties and manufacturing practices. It is, therefore, appropriate for architects and builders to study structures in such a way that the basic principles underlying all structural form become clear. This can be accomplished in three phases: (1) by studying the concepts of statics and strength of materials, (2) by learning how these concepts are applied to the design of common structural elements fabricated from real materials, and (3) by gaining insight into the design of structural systems comprised of structural elements interconnected in a coherent pattern.

Much of the material presented in this text can be found elsewhere; the basic conditions of equilibrium, historical insights into structural behavior that form the basis for structural design, and recommendations for design procedures incorporated into building codes are all widely disseminated through industry-published manuals, government-sanctioned codes, and academic texts. Many excellent structures texts have been written specifically for architects and builders.

Content :

CHAPTER 1 Statics
CHAPTER 2 Loads
CHAPTER 3 Material properties
CHAPTER 4 Sectional properties
CHAPTER 5 Design approaches
CHAPTER 6 Tension elements
CHAPTER 7 Columns
CHAPTER 8 Beams
CHAPTER 9 Connections

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Precast Concrete Structures, Second Edition Kim S. Elliott

Precast Concrete Structures, Second Edition

Kim S. Elliott

A precast concrete structure is an assemblage of precast elements which, when suitably connected together, form a three-dimensional framework capable of resisting gravitation and wind (or even earthquake*) loads.

The framework is ideally suited to buildings such as offices, retail units, car parks, schools, stadia, and other such buildings requiring minimal internal obstruction and multifunctional leasable space. The quantity of concrete in a precast framework is less than 4% of the gross volume of the building, and two-thirds of this is in the floors. In the case of the shopping centre and car park shown in Figure 1.6, the precast concrete elements supporting vertical actions (i.e. gravity loads) are columns, beams, floor slabs, staircases, and stair-cores.

The framework is ‘braced’ against horizontal actions (i.e. lateral loads and wind pressure) using very deep columns (gable end to the left of the photo) and diagonal bracing (front elevation). The framework shown in Figure 1.7 was built using similar elements, but because the resistance against horizontal actions is provided by the same columns that support vertical actions, the framework and hence the columns are classed as ‘unbraced’.

The precast framework Figure 1.8 is likewise a column, beam and slab structure, but here the beam-to-column connections are designed as moment resisting, and therefore together with the strength and stiffness of the beams and columns, the resistance against horizontal actions is provided frame action, in a similar manner as for cast in-situ concrete frames.

The distinguishing feature of the precast framework is that the beam-to-column connections are rarely fully rigid, known as ‘semi-rigid’, and therefore the columns must also resist horizontal actions as in the case of the unbraced frame in Figure 1.7. The frameworks shown in Figures 1.9 and 1.10 were built using similar elements, but thanks to some creative surface finishes and more expensive mouldings, this building appears to have a completely different function, both architecturally and structurally.

Content :

What is precast concrete
Materials used in precast structures
Precast frame analysis
Precast concrete floors
Precast concrete beams
Precast concrete columns
Shear walls
Horizontal floor diaphragms
Joints and connections
Joints and connections
Beam and column connections
Ties in precast concrete structures
Design exercise for 10-storey precast skeletal frame

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Building Materials, Third Edition

Building Materials, Third Edition – S. K. Duggal

The book is considerably modified version of the 2000 edition. In third edition of the book
extensive revisions have been made. New materials have been introduced due to the advances
in the technology and progress in industry. The information presented includes characteristics
of the materials in regards to their physical and mechanical properties with emphasis on their
strength and durability qualities. The material presented can be supplemented by the information
from I.S. Codes and various product manufacturers.

This edition embodies material changes in the chapters dealing with Cement, Concrete,
Lime and many others. Testing procedures of the materials have been updated for most of the
materials as some of the codes have been revised. Especially, in chapter 3 on Rocks and Stones
the section on testing of Stones has been completely rewritten.

Chapter 8 on Lime has been completely rewritten to make it more reader friendly. Logical
changes in chapter 5 on Cement, chapter 10 on Concrete and chapter 20 on Special Cements
and Cement Concretes have been made. Admixtures for concrete have been placed in chapter
10 and section on Pointing has been removed from chapter 12 on Building Mortars. Many
newer and upcoming more important concretes such as Self compacting Concrete, Bacterial
Concrete have been introduced in chapter 20 on special Cements and Cement Concrete.

Numerous revision of data and substitutions in description have been made not only in these
chapters but in other chapters also. Smart materials and composite materials have been
introduced in chapter 21 on Miscellaneous Materials.
The author will be grateful to the readers for their comments and suggestions for further
improvement of the book.

Building materials have an important role to play in this modern age of technology. Although
their most important use is in construction activities, no field of engineering is conceivable
without their use. Also, the building materials industry is an important contributor in our
national economy as its output governs both the rate and the quality of construction work.
There are certain general factors which affect the choice of materials for a particular scheme.
Perhaps the most important of these is the climatic background.

Obviously, different materials
and forms of construction have developed in different parts of the world as a result of climatic
differences. Another factor is the economic aspect of the choice of materials. The rapid advance
of constructional methods, the increasing introduction of mechanical tools and plants, and
changes in the organisation of the building industry may appreciably influence the choice of
materials.

Content :

Principal Properties of Building Materials
Structural Clay Products
Rocks and Stones
Wood and Wood Products
Materials for Making Concrete-I Cement
Materials for Making Concrete-II Aggregates
Materials for Making Concrete-III Water
Materials for Making Concrete-IV Lime
Puzzolanas
Concrete
Concrete Mix Design
Building Mortars
Ferrous Metals
Non-Ferrous Metals
Ceramic Materials
Polymeric Materials
Paints, Enamels and Varnishes
Tar, Bitumen and Asphalt
Special Cements and Cement Concretes

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Simplified Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Fourth Edition

There is a little doubt that the construction of a very tall building, a large domed arena, or any other prominent
mega structure attracts the interest of a great number of structural engineers. The construction of such
structures usually represents the highest level of sophistication in structural design and often introduces
daring new concepts and structural innovations as well as improvements in construction techniques.
The Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318) is an authoritative document often adopted and
referenced as a design and construction standard in building codes around the country as well as in the
specifications of several federal agencies, its provisions thus becoming law. Whether ACI 318 is enforced as part
of building regulations or is otherwise utilized as a voluntary consensus standard, design professionals use this
standard almost exclusively as the basis for the proper design and construction of reinforced concrete buildings.

Many structural engineers have the desire to become professionally involved in the design of such distinctive
buildings during their careers. However, very few projects of this prestigious caliber are built in any given year.
Truly, the building universe consists largely of low-rise and small-area buildings. Figure 1-1 shows the
percentage of building floor area constructed in 2002 in terms of different building height categories. The
figure shows that the vast majority of the physical volume of construction is in the 1- to 3-story height range.

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Jong Wan H., Smart Connection Systems – Design and Seismic Analysis, 2015

This book introduces new smart connection systems which can be used in aseismic building design in order to control inter-story drifts and to reduce residual displacements.

They are also utilized as damper devices and base isolators. The application of these systems to composite moment frame buildings will also be treated in the book.

In addition, the book will discuss how to make nonlinear frame models used for simulating entire behavior in the building as well as advance finite element (FE) models used for accurately reproducing mechanical behavior in the local system. Will be of interest to researchers, engineers, and students in the field of civil and structural engineering.

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Parking Structures: Recommended Practice for Design and Construction

Parking structures have become important elements in today’s urban and suburban environments. Owners have realized that parking services represent the first and last impression a visitor receives of the facility, and that can be a pivotal factor when consumers decide where to do business. Even more, owners and designers both are acknowledging that parking structures must be designed specifically for the types of visitors that structure will serve, based on the acilities they support and the flow of daily traffic.

The need to create a parking structure that precisely fits the needs of the users can-not be stressed enough. Unless the facility is user-friendly, projecting a safe, secure, and easy to use environment, parkers will find other options. These needs have become too vital to their peace of mind to be left unmet by the owner and designer.

As a result, creating the best parking structure for the site, users, and budget requires a careful balance of all elements and a logical plan from start to finish. From the initial conception basics are decided until the parking structure opens, a host of choices must be made that will affect the final design and cost of the project—which ultimately will impact its value to the customer.

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Eric Pimpler – Spatial Analytics with ArcGIS

Spatial statistics has the potential to provide insight that is not otherwise available through traditional GIS tools. This book is designed to introduce you to the use of spatial statistics so you can solve complex geographic analysis. The book begins by introducing you to the many spatial statistics tools available in ArcGIS. You will learn how to analyze patterns, map clusters, and model spatial relationships with these tools. Further on, you will explore how to extend the spatial statistics tools currently available in ArcGIS, and use the R programming language to create custom tools in ArcGIS through the ArcGIS Bridge using real-world examples. At the end of the book, you will be presented with two exciting case studies where you will be able to practically apply all your learning to analyze and gain insights into real estate data.

What you will learn:

Get to know how to measure geographic distributions
Perform clustering analysis including hot spot and outlier analysis
Conduct data conversion tasks using the Utilities toolset
Understand how to use the tools provided by the Mapping Clusters toolset in the Spatial Statistics Toolbox
Get to grips with the basics of R for performing spatial statistical programming
Create custom ArcGIS tools with R and ArcGIS Bridge
Understand the application of Spatial Statistics tools and the R programming language through case studies