The engineering community / Engineering civil

Sky High Living: Contemporary High-rise Apartment

Sky High Living explores a range of a number of the foremost sensational residential tall buildings from round the world, preponderantly from North America and Asia.

The book is compiled by Georges Binder, building and information knowledgeable on high-rise style.

The publication options the firm’s style for Cityfront Center Plaza, a modern, 65-story edifice and residential high-rise planned on the Chicago stream.

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Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design 5th Edition

Reinforced concrete design encompasses both the art and science of engineering.

This book presents the theory of reinforced concrete as a direct application of the laws

of statics and mechanics of materials.

In addition, it emphasizes that a successful design not only satisfies design rules,

but also is capable of being built in a timely fashion and for a reasonable cost.

A multi-tiered approach makes Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design

an outstanding textbook for a variety of university courses on reinforced concrete design.

Topics are normally introduced at a fundamental level, and then move tohigher

levels where prior educational experience and the development of engineering

judgment will be required.

This is probably the best textbook for reinforced concrete design in the market,

especially for the two to three semester sequences of reinforced concrete

courses that are taught at universities.

It provides many in-depth examples and clearly explains

all procedures in a very concise manner, making the textbook very readable.

The authors also spent a lot of time discussing the MECHANICS of reinforced concrete,

which is something that many other textbooks do not thoroughly cover.

I would highly recommend this textbook to any student in Structural Engineering.

It is also serves as an excellent reference for practicing structural engineers.

You will not be disappointed when you read this textbook.

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Dams and Appurtenant Hydraulic Structures

Water, one of the few natural resources without which there is no life, is distributed throughout the world unevenly in terms of place, season and quality. For this reason it is essential to construct dams on rivers, thus forming reservoirs for the storage and the even use of water.

To date, forty-two thousand large dams have been built worldwide, and hundreds of thousands of smaller ones, which have made possible a rational use of a certain amount of river water – the most important water resource for human life and activity. Dams, together with their appurtenant hydraulic structures, belong among the most complex engineering works, above all because of their interaction with the water, their great influence on the environment and their high cost.

Therefore great significance is given to theoretical research relating to dams, to improving the methods of analysing and constructing them, and to the knowledge gained in the course of their exploitation. In the past forty years great progress has been made in this respect.

Water plays an exceptionally significant role in the economy and in the life of all countries. It is of crucial importance to the existence of people, animals, and vegetation. The settling of people in different regions of the Earth has always been closely dependant on the possibilities for water supply, parallel with those for providing food, shelter, and heat.

The increase in population, as well as the development and enrichment of mankind, in a number of places has reached a level at which the water supply, needed for the population, industry, irrigation, and production of electric power, has been brought to a critical point.

On the other hand, reserves of water on Earth are very large. They have been estimated to amount to 1.45 billion km3 (Grishin et al., 1979). If we assume that the above quantity of water is uniformly spread over the Earth’s surface, then the thickness of such a water layer would be almost 3,000 m. As much as 90% of that quantity is attributable to the water of oceans and seas, while the remainder of barely 10% belongs to lakes, rivers, underground waters, and glaciers, as well as moisture from water in the atmosphere. Only 1/5 of the freshwater, which is suitable for man’s life and activities, is available for use.

More than twenty large dams and over a hundred smaller ones have been built in the Republic of Macedonia, which have still only partially exploited the available water, and flood control remains incomplete. The majority of the large dams were built in the period from 1952 to 1982 while, principally because of the lack of investment, the past twenty years have seen the construction mainly of smaller dams with a height of up to twenty metres and a reservoir volume of 300,000 cubic metres.

In the next few years some two or three more large dams will be completed which will still not
satisfy the need for water for the water supply, for irrigation and for the production of electrical energy, which are continually on the increase. The situation in all developing countries is similar, so that dams will continue to be built in the future despite the resistance on the part of devotees of the unobstructed flow of rivers.

An important unfavourable circumstance, which renders difficult a more complete utilization of water, is the fact that it is very not uniformly distributed on the Earth’s surface – considering space, time, and quality. That is to say, particular countries and regions suffer from drought, while others possess too large quantities of water. Also, the very same region could, in the course of a particular period of the year, be exposed to drought, while suffering from floods in another period. In that way, water, that common nationwide wealth without which no life is possible, can be an irreplaceable friend to man, but also his great enemy if he is not able to utilize it in a correct manner and to keep it under control.

Hydraulic land reclamation, i.e. irrigation of land, or else drainage of excess water from a specific territory. At the moment, irrigation systems cover approximately 270 × 106 ha, or 20% of the total cultivated areas. In many countries, especially in developing ones, increased food production is only possible by improving or increasing irrigation. The greatest amount of water is spent on irrigation – 3⁄4 of total consumption in the world. Great efforts are made to develop effective ways of saving water by avoiding losses in distribution networks and by applying more skillful irrigation techniques.

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HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

Preference :

Given the problems of congestion in built-up urban areas, maximising the efficiency with which highways are planned, analysed, designed and maintained is of particular concern to civil engineering practitioners and theoreticians.

This book is designed as an introductory text which will deliver basic information in those core areas of highway engineering of central importance to practising highway engineers.

Highway Engineering is intended as a text for undergraduate students on degree and diploma courses in civil engineering. It does, however, touch on topics which may be of interest to surveyors and transport planners. The book does not see itself as a substitute for courses in these subject areas, rather it demonstrates their relevance to highway engineering.

The book must be focused on its primary readership – first and foremost it must provide an essential text for those wishing to work in the area, covering all the necessary basic foundation material needed for practitioners at the entry level to industry. In order to maximise its effectiveness, however, it must also address the requirements of additional categories of student: those wishing to familiarise themselves with the area but intending to pursue another speciality after graduation and graduate students requiring necessary theoretical detail in certain crucial areas.

The aim of the text is to cover the basic theory and practice in sufficient depth to promote basic understanding while also ensuring as wide a coverage as possible of all topics deemed essential to students and trainee practitioners. The text seeks to place the topic in context by introducing the economic, political, social and administrative dimensions of the subject. In line with its main task, it covers central topics such as geometric, junction and pavement design while ensuring an adequate grasp of theoretical concepts such as traffic analysis and economic appraisal.

The book pays frequent reference to the Department of Transport’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges and moves in a logical sequence from the planning and economic justification for a highway, through the geometric design and traffic analysis of highway links and intersections, to the design and maintenance of both flexible and rigid pavements. To date, texts have concentrated on either highway planning/analysis or on the pavement design and maintenance aspects of highway engineering.

As a result, they tend to be advanced in nature rather than introductory texts for the student entering the field of study for the first time.

Content :

The Transportation Planning Process
Forecasting Future Traffic Flows
Scheme Appraisal for Highway Projects
Basic Elements of Highway Traffic Analysis
The Design of Highway Intersections
Geometric Alignment and Design
Highway Pavement Materials and Design
Structural Design of Pavement Thickness
Pavement Maintenance

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Machine Elements in Mechanical Design

The objective of this book is to provide the concepts, procedures, data, and decision analy-
sis techniques necessary to design machine elements commonly found in mechanical de-
vices and systems.

Students completing a course of study using this book should be able to
execute original designs for machine elements and integrate the elements into a system
composed of several elements.This process requires a consideration of the performance requirements of an individ-
ual element and ofthe interfaces between elements as they work together to form a system.For example, a gear must be designed to transmit power at a given speed.

The design mustspecify the number of teeth, pitch, tooth form, face width, pitch diameter, material, and
method of heat treatment.

But the gear design also affects, and is affected by, the mating gear,

the shaft carrying the gear, and the environment in which it is to operate.

Furthermore, the shaft must be supported by bearings, which must be contained in a housing.

Thus, the designer should keep the complete system in mind while designing each individual ele-
ment. This book will help the student approach design problems in this way.This text is designed for those interested in practical mechanical design.

The emphasis is on the use of readily available materials and processes and appropriate design ap-
proaches to achieve a safe, efficient design.

It is assumed that the person using the book will

be the designer, that is, the person responsible for determining the configuration of a ma-
chine or a part of a machine. Where practical, all design equations, data, and proceduresneeded to make design decisions are specified.It is expected that students using this book will have a good background in statics,
strength of materials, college algebra, and trigonometry. Helpful, but not required, would

be knowledge of kinematics, industrial mechanisms, dynamics, materials, and manufactur-
ing processes.

Among the important features of this book are the following :

It is designed to be used at the undergraduate level in the first course in machine design.
The large list of topics allows the instructor some choice in the design of the course. The format is also appropriate for a two-course sequence and as a reference for mechanical design project courses.
Students should be able to extend their efforts into topics not covered in classroom instruction because explanations of principles are straightforward and include many example problems.
The practical presentation of the material leads to feasible design decisions and is useful to practicing designers.
The text advocates and demonstrates use of computer spreadsheets in cases requiring long, laborious solution procedures. Using spreadsheets allows the designer to make decisions and to modify data at several points within the problem while the computer performs all computations.
References to other books, standards, and technical papers assist the instructor in presenting alternate approaches or extending the depth of treatment.
Lists of Internet sites pertinent to topics in this book are included at the end of most chapters to assist readers in accessing additional information or data about commercial products.
In addition to the emphasis on the original design of machine elements, much of the discussion covers commercially available machine elements and devices, since many design projects require an optimum combination of new, uniquely designed parts and purchased components.
For some topics, the focus is on aiding the designer in selecting commercially available components, such as rolling contact bearings, flexible couplings, ball screws, electric motors, belt drives, chain drives, clutches, and brakes.
Computations and problem solutions use both the International System of Units (SI) and the U.S. Customary System (inch-pound-second) approximately equally.
The basic reference for the usage of SI units is IEEE/ASTM-SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System, which has replaced ASTM E380 and ANSI/IEEE Standard 268-1992.
Extensive appendices are included along with detailed tables in many chapters to help the reader to make real design decisions, using only this text.

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Hydrology Principles, Analysis, and Design Second Edition

Hydrology is a long continuing hydroscience and much work done in this field in the past,
particularly in India, was of empirical nature related to development of empirical formulae,
tables and curves for yield and flood of river basins applicable to the particular region in which
they were evolved by investigators like Binnie, Barlow, Beale and Whiting, Strange, Ryves,
Dicken, Inglis, Lacey, Kanwar Sain and Karpov, etc.

In this book, there is a departure from empiricism and the emphasis is on the collection
of data and analysis of the hydrological factors involved and promote hydrological design on
sound principles and understanding of the science, for conservation and utilisation of water
resources. Hydrological designs may be made by deterministic, probabilistic and stochastic approaches
but what is more important is a ‘matured judgement’ to understand and avoid what is
termed as ‘unusual meteorological combination’.

Hydrology is a branch of Earth Science. The importance of hydrology in the assessment,
development, utilisation and management of the water resources, of any region is being increasingly
realised at all levels. It was in view of this that the United Nations proclaimed the
period of 1965-1974 as the International Hydrological Decade during which, intensive efforts
in hydrologic education research, development of analytical techniques and collection of hydrological
information on a global basis, were promoted in Universities, Research Institutions,
and Government Organisations.

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Plastic Analysis and Design of Steel Structures

The plastic method has been used extensively by engineers for the
design of steel structures, including simple beams, continuous beams,
and simple portal frames. Traditionally, the analysis is based on the
rigid-plastic theory whereby the plastic collapse load is evaluated
through virtual work formulation in which elastic deflection is
ignored. For more complex frames, specialist computer packages for
elastoplastic analysis are usually employed. Current publications on
plastic design method provide means of analysis based on either virtual
work formulation or sophisticated plastic theory contained in
specialist computer packages. This book aims to bridge this gap.

This book emphasizes a plastic analysis method based on the
hinge by hinge concept. Frames of any degree of complexity can be
analyzed plastically using this method. This method is based on the
elastoplastic analysis procedure where a linear elastic analysis, performed
either manually or by computers, is used between the formation
of consecutive plastic hinges. The results of the linear elastic
analysis are used in a proforma created in a spreadsheet environment
where the next plastic hinge formation can be predicted automatically
and the corresponding culmulative forces and deflections calculated.
In addition, a successive approximation method is described to take
account of the effect of force interaction on the evaluation of the collapse
load of a structure. This method can be performed using results
from analysis obtained from most commercially available computer
programs.

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Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings

Bridging the gap between the conceptual approach and computer analysis,

Structural Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings:

Steel and Composite Construction integrates the design aspects of steel and composite buildings in one volume.

Using conceptual thinking and basic strength of material concepts as foundations, the book shows engineers how to use imperfect information to estimate the answer to larger and more complex design problems by breaking them down into more manageable pieces.

Written by an accomplished structural engineer, this book discusses the behavior and design of lateral load-resisting systems; the gravity design of steel and composite floors and columns; and methods for determining wind loads.

It also examines the behavior and design of buildings subject to inelastic cyclic deformation during large earthquakes—with an emphasis on visual and descriptive analysis – as well as the anatomy of seismic provisions and the rehabilitation of seismically vulnerable steel buildings.

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Frantisek Wald – Benchmark cases for advanced design of structural steel connections

The CBFEM (component-based finite element model) is a new method to analyze and design connections of steel structures. The design focused CM (component model) is compared to FEM (finite elements models).

The publication introduces Benchmark Cases for Validation and Verification procedures of structural steel joints. The hierarchy of the System response quantity is prepared for welded and bolted connections as well as for column bases.

Each Benchmark Case starts with the task description and includes results of prediction by the analytical model according to EN 1993-1-5, references to experiments, validated model and numerical experiments, results of prediction by design Finite Element Analyses described in terms of global behavior and verification of resistance.

At the end of the publication, the reader may check his calculation on Benchmark cases prepared for the particular joint. Finite Element Analyses is a current step in design of steel connections, which allows to predict the generally loaded joints with a complex geometry with the same efficiency and accuracy as the traditionally designed connections based on the best engineering practice. Implementation of the FEA models for the structural steel detailing creates the qualitative step as we may see in other areas of engineering.

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Paolo Rugarli – Steel Connection Analysis

Steel connection analysis and checking is one of the most complex problems in structural engineering, and even though we use very powerful computing tools, it is still generally done using very simplistic approaches.

Fromthe point of view of a typical structural engineer, the problem to solve is to design and check nodes, not single connections, i.e. a number of connections between a number of different members – maybe tens or even hundreds of load combinations, inclined member axes, and generic stress states.

In a typical 3D structure there may be several tens of such nodes, or maybe even hundreds, which may be similar, or may be different from one another; identifying nodes that are equal is one of the problems that the designer has to face in order to reduce the number of different possible solutions, and in order to get a rational design. However, this problem of detecting equal nodes has not been sufficiently researched, and there are currently no tools that are able to properly solve this issue.

If posed with the due generality, the problem of checking 3D nodes of real structures has not been solved by automatic computing tools. Also, because a general method of tackling all these problems is apparently still lacking, usually a few “cooking recipes” have been used to solve a limited number of typical, recurring (2D assimilated) nodes.

Indeed, it often happens that true, real world nodes have to be analyzed by such recipes, despite the fact that the basic hypotheses needed to apply these recipes do not always hold true. This poses a serious problem because although these “cooking recipes” have been widely used, in the past few years they have been applied to 3D structures designed using computer tools, in the non-linear range, perhaps in seismic areas, and with the aim of reducing the weight of steel.

The effects of such oversimplification have already been seen in many structures where steel connections have failed, especially in seismic areas (e.g. Booth 2014), but even in non-seismic areas (e.g. White et al. 2013, Bruneau et al. 2011). Generally speaking, it is well known that connections are one of the most likely points of weakness of steel structures, one of the most cumbersome to design – indeed one of the least designed – and one of the least software-covered in structural engineering.