This Spreadsheet contains the following seven template worksheets:
Table of Contents
Total station is used for computing slant distances, horizontal and vertical angles, elevations in topographic and geodetic works, tacheometric surveys, etc. The total station is a pre-eminent contribution to modern surveying and hence the equipment is designed for speed, range, and accuracy. They are a combination of Theodolite and Electronic Distance measurement (EDM). This enables computing the vertical, horizontal as well as slope measurements.
They acts as a substitute for theodolite, EDM, Data collector, and a Microprocessor. Moreover, they are lightweight and compact machines and perform like transit stadia and plane table alidades.
The integration of microprocessors helps in the data collection and measurement computation process. Further to that, the inbuilt software helps to generate the maps instantly.
Apart from taking the measurements, the total station helps in computing, interpreting, and documenting the data. Here is a list of activities that are computed, interpreted, and analyzed.
The total station consists of a built-in emitter, capable of emitting microwaves and infrared signals. The wavelength of these emitted waves helps in calculating the distance between the points.
Distance = velocity * time
Here the distance is calculated by multiplying the time taken to cover a certain distance by the velocity. However, Triangulation and trigonometry methods are adopted for computing the angles and determining the coordinates.
The Equipment is composed of different parts. Below listed are the major components.
A tripod enables to affix the equipment onto the ground. A handle is available on the top of the equipment for holding it. There are a Data input and output terminal below the handle enabling the data transfer to the computer.
The total station comes with inbuilt software, an operation panel, keyboard, and a screen. The prism and prism poles helps in measuring distances.
There are a lot of advantages of total station as follows.
This spreadsheet identifies possible zones of liquefaction in a soil profile. It compares the anticipated cyclic shear stresses induced by an earthquake to the esitmated cyclic strength of the soil. Zones where the induced stress is greater than the cyclic strength are deemed zones of liquefaction.
The methodology involves two distinct processes:
1. Compute the equivalent cyclic shear stress induced by an earthquake vs. depth
2. Compute the cyclic shear strength of the soil profile
Step (1) can be accomplished in many ways, however the simplest is the method developed by Seed and Idriss (1971) where induced stresses are determined by earthquake magnitudes and depth of the soil deposit. Other methods include field correlations by authors on site-specific earthquakes, or 1-D wave propagation analysis by computer (Shake, MocEQ1).
Step (2) is most-easily done by correlating cyclic strength to corrected SPT blow count. Alternatively, CPT data, laboratory data, and other measures of soil cyclic strength can be used.
“Ponding Analysis For Low Slope Or Flat Roof Systems” is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis for ponding for low slope or flat roof systems in structural steel per the AISC 9th Edition (ASD) Code, pages 5-83 to 5-84 and 5-175 to 5-179. Specifically, simplified checks are performed for the steel members as well as the steel deck. A rigorous analysis, whether actually required or not, is also performed for the steel members.
This program is a workbook consisting of two (2) worksheets, described as follows:
All the worksheets are independent and self contained, so that you can move them from one workbook to another. All the worksheets are protected, but not with a password.
Program Assumptions and Limitations:
1. This program utilizes the equations in AISC Code Sect. K2 to perform a simplified check on the primary and secondary members, as well as the steel roof deck.
2. This program also performs a rigorous analysis on the primary and secondary members utilizing the equations in AISC Code Commentary Sect. C-K2.
3. This program contains numerous “comment boxes” which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a “comment box” is denoted by a “red triangle” in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular “comment box”.)
Calculation Reference
AISC
