Risk Planning

Risk Planning

 

Usually, risk plan is the first effort that is being done through project risk management.
However, in some projects, the top management in the organization identifies high level risks in the project charter and these high level risks are the input for the project manager that clarify an image of what risks are significant and  important for the top management.

Risk plan is a subsidiary plan of project management plan that describes how risk management activities will be managed throughout the project phases. This plan performs as a guide of how you will accomplish all the activities of risk management. It defines the tools and approaches that will be used, roles and responsibilities, estimated budget for these activities, risk categories, risk definitions, reporting formats, and auditing procedures.


Through the next paragraphs, we will show examples for some of these components of risk management plan.


1 – Tools & Approaches


Risk management activities may be done manually or using computer software programs. These software programs expedite, facilitate, and fully control the of risk management activities. These programs can be integrated with other organization systems such as scheduling, costing, and ERP systems. The capabilities of these programs are not only for calculation and assessment; however it can track and communicate responsibilities to the team assigned for these tasks and also for the management to be able to follow the status and take actions.


2 –  Roles and Responsibilities


Table-1 shows an example for the roles and responsibilities.

Team member
Name 		Role Responsibilities
Ahmed Arafa Risk
Manager		 1. Develop the risk management plan
2. Manage the risk management team.
3. Follow up that risk management activities are being done
with the valid manner in the right time.
4. Monitor contingency reserve and maintain the sufficiency
of monetary in reserve fund.
5. Report on risk management activities.
Ayman Nagy Risk
Software
Admin		 1. Administrate the risk management program.
2. Maintain and monitor the privilege of users.
Wael Samy Risk
Engineer		 1. Share in the identification of risks.
2. Develop the qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Table-1 : Roles and Responsibilities


3 –  Timing and Frequency


Risk management activities are being done according to a time scheduling that is being developed by the risk manager and in conformity of project management vision.


Figure-1 is an example of risk management activities time scheduling.

Figure-1 : Risk Activities Time Schedule


Risk management meetings could be determined to be as a separate meeting and held on weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly basis. The common practice is that risk management activities are being discussed in the progress status weekly meeting.

 

4 –  Risk Categories


Risk Categories can be illustrated in a list or a risk breakdown structure. Figure-2 is an example of risk breakdown structure.

 

Figure-2 : Risk Breakdown Structure

 

5- Risk Definition


This is the classification criteria that will be used further in order to qualitatively assess risks. Table-2 shows an example of these limits.

Table-2 : Risk Classification Limits

 

6 –  Risk tracking and Reports format


This defines how risks will be tracked during project phases; and the formats of risk reports that will be used to communicate risk information through vertical and horizontal communication channels.

Risk Processes

Risk Processes

 

Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (AACE) structured the risk management steps as “(1) Planning, (2) Identification, (3) Assessment, (4) Analysis, (5) Mitigation, and (6) Follow-Up” (Skills & Knowledge of Cost engineering, Fifth Edition Revised, 2007, Page 31.2).


Project Management Institute (PMI) defines the risk management processes as “(1) Planning, (2) Identification, (3) Qualitative Analysis, (4) Quantitative Analysis, (5) Planning Response, (6) Monitor and Control.” (PMBOK Guide, 2013, Page 312)

 

What is Risk Management

What is Risk Management

 

The “Risk Management” phrase is used in several fields with different significance. The most common use of this expression is the “Pure Risk” which is used in the aspects of safety and health referring to the pure risk. The risk management in RMP-PMI is another type which is referred to as “Business Risk”. The difference between those two types can be shown as follow:


• Pure Risk: The risk of loss (fire, theft, injury… etc.) that is insurable.
• Business Risk: The risk of gain or loss that is concerned to business threats or opportunities.


Project Management Institute (PMI) defines risk as “an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives such as scope, schedule, cost, and quality”. (PMBOK Guide, 2013, Page 310) where the uncertainty is lack of knowledge that reduces confidence in conclusions.


The common factors of risk management are:
– Probability: How much percent risk may occur
– Impact: The range of possible outcomes such as time, money …etc.
– Timing: When the risk is expected to take place.
– Frequency: How often this risk is expected to happen


Through risk management you try to increase probability and impact of opportunities, while decrease probability and impact of threats. This action depends on the risk culture of the decision taker which is referred to as risk tolerance. Risk tolerance defines the thresholds that when a risk exceeds, it becomes unacceptable. The most known tolerances are:


• Risk Averse: Someone who doesn’t want to take risks.
• Risk tolerant: Someone who doesn’t perform a great effort to search for risk, however when the risk comes to him, he exploit it.
• Risk Seeker: Someone who spends a lot of time searching for risks.

What is better steel or concrete?

What is better steel or concrete?

 

Construction projects require many decisions. A key decision is to find the most effective option, as well as determining which process could produce ideal results.

Take a look at this breakdown. This example weighs the pros and cons of Structural Steel versus Concrete.

Costs

Structural Steel: A large majority of all steel manufactured today comes from recycled materials; A992 steel. This recycling usage makes the material much cheaper when compared to other materials. Although the price of steel can fluctuate, it typically remains a less expensive option compared to reinforced concrete.

Concrete: A large cost benefit to concrete is the fact that its price remains relatively consistent. On the other hand, concrete also requires ongoing maintenance and repairs, meaning added costs throughout its lifetime. Supply-and-demand may also impact the availability of concrete. Even though it can be poured and worked with directly onsite, the process to completion can be lengthy and could accrue higher labor costs.

Strength

Structural Steel: Structural steel is extremely strong, stiff, tough, and ductile; making it one of the leading materials used in commercial and industrial building construction.

Concrete: Concrete is a composite material consisting of cement, sand, gravel and water. It has a relatively high compressive strength, but lacks tensile strength. Concrete must be reinforced with steel rebar to increase a structure’s tensile capacity, ductility and elasticity.

Fire Resistance

Structural Steel: Steel is inherently a non-combustible material. However, when heated to extreme temperatures, it’s strength can be significantly compromised. Therefore, the IBC requires steel to be covered in additional fire resistant materials to improve safety.

Concrete: The composition of concrete makes it naturally fire resistant and in line with all International Building Codes (IBC). When concrete is used for building construction, many of the other components used in construction are not fire resistant. Professionals should adhere to all safety codes when in the building process to prevent complications within the overall structure.

Sustainability

Structural Steel: Structural steel is nearly 100% recyclable as well as 90% of all Structural Steel used today is created from recycled steel. Due to its long lifespan, steel can be used as well as adapted multiple times with little to no compromise to its structural integrity. When manufactured, fabricated and treated properly, structural steel will have a minimal impact on the environment.

Concrete: The elements within concrete are natural to our environment, reducing the harm to our world. Concrete may be crushed and used in future mixtures. This type of recycling can reduce a presence of concrete in landfills.

Versatility

Structural Steel: Steel is a flexible material that can be fabricated into a wide array of designs for endless applications. The strength-to-weight ratio of steel is much higher when compared to other affordable building materials. Steel also offers many different aesthetic options that different materials, such as concrete, cannot compete with.

Concrete: Although concrete can be molded into many different shapes, it does face some limitations when it comes to floor-to-floor construction heights and long, open spans.

Corrosion

Structural Steel: Steel may corrode when it comes into contact with water. If left without proper care, it could affect the safety and security of a structure. Professionals should care for the steel with such processes such as water-resistant seals and paint care. Fire-resistant features may be included when water-resisting seals are applied.

Concrete: With proper construction and care, reinforced concrete is water resistant and will not corrode. However, it’s important to note that the steel reinforcement inside should never be exposed. If exposed, the steel becomes compromised and can easily corrode, compromising the strength of the structure.

Reference : blog.swantonweld.com

Concrete calculator formula

Concrete calculator formula

What is concrete?

Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials.

Concrete is a composite materialmade from several readily available constituents(aggregates, sand, cement, water).

Concrete is a versatile material that can easily be mixedto meet a variety of special needs and formed to virtually any shape.

What you should know Before Estimating :

Density of Cement       = 1440 kg/m3
Sand Density                  = 1450-1500 kg/m3
Density of Aggregate   = 1450-1550 kg/m3

How many KG in 1 bag of cement                                 = 50 kg
Cement quantity  in litres in 1 bag of cement          = 34.7 litres
1 Bag of cement in  cubic metres                                  = 0.0347 cubic meter
How many CFT (Cubic Feet)                                            = 1.226 CFT
Numbers of Bags in 1 cubic metre cement               = 28.8 Bags

Specific gravity of cement   = 3.15
Grade of cement  =  33, 43, 53
Where 33, 43, 53 compressive strength of cement in N/mm2

M-20 = 1 : 1.5 : 3  = 5.5, (Cement : Sand : Aggregate)
Some of Mix is – 5.5

Where, M   = Mix
20  = Characteristic Compressive strength

Consider volume of concrete = 1m3

Dry  Volume of Concrete = 1 x 1.54 = 1.54 m3    (For Dry Volume Multiply By 1.54)

Calculation for Cement, Sand and Aggregate quality in 1 cubic meter concrete:

 

  • CALCULATION FOR CEMENT QUANTITY

Cement=  (1/5.5) x  1.54    = 0.28 m3   ∴ 1 is a part of cement, 5.5 is sum of ratio
Density of Cement is 1440/m3

= 0.28  x 1440 = 403.2 kg

We know each bag of cement is 50 kg
For Numbers of Bags =   403.2/50     = 8 Bags

 We Know in one bag of cement = 1.226 CFT

 For Calculate in CFT (Cubic Feet) = 8  x 1.225      = 9.8 Cubic Feet

  • CALCULATION FOR SAND QUANTITY

Consider volume of concrete = 1m3

Dry  Volume of Concrete = 1 x 1.54 = 1.54 m3

 Sand=  (1.5/5.5) x 1.54    = 0.42 m3   ∴ 1.5 is a part of Sand, 5.5 is sum of ratio

Density of Sand is 1450/m3

For KG = 0.42 x 1450 = 609 kg

 As we know that 1m3 = 35.31 CFT

For Calculation in Cubic Feet   = 0.42 x 35.31 = 14.83 Cubic Feet

 

  • CALCULATION FOR AGGREGATE QUANTITY

Consider volume of concrete = 1m3

Dry  Volume of Concrete = 1 x 1.54 = 1.54 m3

Aggregate =   (3/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.84 m3 ∴ 3 is a part of cement, 5.5 is sum of ratio

Density of Aggregate is 1500/m3  

Calculation for KG = 0.84 x 1500   = 1260 kg

As we know that 1 m3 = 35.31 CFT

Calculation for CFT  = 0.84 x 35.31 = 29.66 Cubic Feet

Concrete Quality calculation sheet download

Calculation for Cement, Sand  quality in mortar  for Plaster:

 

Area of brick wall for plaster = 3m x 3m =9m2

Plaster Thickness = 12mm (Outer-20mm, Inner 12mm)

Volume of mortar = 9m2  0.012m            = 0.108m3

Ratio for Plaster Taken is                             = 1 : 6

Sum of ratio is                                                   = 7

 

Calculation for Cement Volume

Dry Volume of Mortar = 0.108  1.35 = 0.1458 m3

Cement= (1/7) = 0.0208 m3  

Density of Cement is 1440/m3

= 0 1440              = 29.99 kg

We know each bag of cement is 50 kg

= (29.99/50)        = 0.599 Bags

 

Calculation for Sand Volume

Sand = (6/7) x 0.1458      = 0.124m3

Density of Sand is 1450/m3

= 0 1450                = 181.2 kg

Now we find how many CFT (Cubic feet) Required

 As we know that 1m3 = 35.31 CFT

= 0.124*35.31

               = 4.37 CFT (Cubic Feet)

 

Plaster calculation sheet download

Reference : tutorialstipscivil.com

Beam on Elastic Foundation Analysis Sheet

Beam on Elastic Foundation Analysis Sheet

 

BOEF is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis a finite length beam with free ends supported continuously on an elastic foundation. This program is ideally suited for analyzing a soil supported beam, a combined footing, or a strip of a slab or a mat. Specifically, the beam shear, moment, deflection, and soil bearing pressure are calculated for 100 equal beam segments, as well as the maximum values. Plots of both the shear, moment, and soil bearing pressure diagrams are produced, as well as a tabulation of the shear, moment, deflection, and bearing pressure for the beam.

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1. The following reference was used in the development of this program (see below):

“Formulas for Stress and Strain” – Fifth Edition – by Raymond R. Roark and Warren C. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1975), pages 128 to 146.

2. This program uses the equations for a “finite-length” beam in the analysis. This usually gives very similar to exact results for a “semi-infinite” beam which has had end-corrections applied to “force” the moment and shear values to be equal to zero at the ends. (Note: a “semi-infinite” beam is defined as one that has a b*L value > 6.)

3. This program uses the five (5) additional following assumptions as a basis for analysis:

  • Beam must be of constant cross section (E and I are constant for entire length, L).
  • Beam must have both ends “free”. (“Pinned” or “fixed” ends are not permitted.)
  • Elastic support medium (soil) has a constant modulus of subgrade, K, along entire length of beam.
  • Applied loads are located in the center of the width, B, of the beam and act along a centroidal line of the beam-soil contact area.
  • Bearing pressure is linearly proportional to the deflection, and varies as a function of subgrade modulus, K.

4. This program can handle up to twelve (12) concentrated (point) loads, a full uniformly distributed load with up to six (6) additional full or partial uniformly distributed loads, and up to four (4) externally applied moments.

5. Beam self-weight is NOT automatically included in the program analysis, but may be accounted for as a full uniformly distributed applied load. Beam self-weight will only affect the deflection and bearing pressure, and not the moment or shear.

6. This program will calculate the maximum positive and negative shears, the maximum positive and negative moments, the maximum negative deflection, and the maximum soil bearing pressure. The calculated values for the maximum shears, maximum moments, deflection, and bearing pressure are determined from dividing the beam into 100 equal segments with 101 points, and including all of the point load and applied moment locations as well.

7. The user is given the ability to input four (4) specific locations from the left end of the beam to calculate the shear, moment, deflection, and bearing pressure.

8. The plots of the shear, moment, and bearing pressure diagrams as well as the displayed tabulation of shear, moment, deflection, and bearing pressure are based on the beam being divided up into 100 equal segments with 101 points.

9. This program contains numerous “comment boxes” which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a “comment box” is denoted by a “red triangle” in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular “comment box”.)

Wind loading analysis sheet

Wind loading analysis sheet

 

Program Description:

“ASCE710W” is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of wind loading analysis for buildings and structures per the ASCE 7-10 Code.  Specifically, wind pressure coefficients and related and required parameters are selected or calculated in order to compute the net design wind pressures.    Program is based on Alex Tomanovich’s “ASCE705W” program and modified by David Taylor and William Fultz.

This program is a workbook consisting of nine (7) worksheets, described as follows:

Worksheet NameDescription
Doc This documentation sheet
MWFRS (Low-Rise)    Main Wind-Force Resisting System for low-rise buildings with h <= 60’
MWFRS (Any Ht.)    Main Wind-Force Resisting System for buildings of any height
Wall C&C    Analysis of wall Components and Cladding
Roof C&C    Analysis of roof Components and Cladding
Open Structures (no roof)    Analysis of open structures without roofs
Wind Map    Basic wind speed map (Figure 26.5-1 of ASCE 7-10 Code)

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1.  Worksheet for “MWFRS (Low-Rise)” is applicable for low-rise buildings as defined in Section 26.2.
2.  Worksheets for “MWFRS (Any Ht.)”, “Wall C&C”, and “Roof C&C” are applicable for buildings with mean roof heights of up to 500 feet.
3.  In worksheets for “MWFRS (Any Ht.)”, “Wall C&C”, and “Roof C&C” the user may opt to utilize user designated steps in height, ‘z’, in determining the wind pressure distribution.
4.  Worksheets for “MWFRS (Any Ht.)”, and “Open Structures” can handle “rigid” as well as “flexible” buildings and structures.  For “rigid” buildings or structures, this program uses the smaller value of either 0.85 or the calculated value from Section 26.9.3 of the Code for the gust effect factor, ‘G’.  For “flexible” buildings or structures, this program calculates the gust effect factor, ‘Gf’, per Section 26.9.4 of the Code based on the assumed formula for the fundamental period of vibration from Section 12.8.2.1 of the Code, where the exponent ‘x’ in the formula T = Ct*h^x is assumed to be 0.75.
5.  Worksheets for “Wall C&C” and “Roof C&C” are applicable for flat roof buildings, gable roof buildings with roof angles <= 45 degrees, and monoslope roof buildings with roof angles <= 3 degrees.
6.  Worksheet for “Open Structures” is applicable for open structures without roofs up to 500 feet tall.  This can be utilized for open process-type structures as well as pipe/utility racks and bridges.
7.  This program uses the equations listed in the reference, “Guide to the Use of the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-02” for determining the external wind pressure coefficients, ‘GCp’, used in the Wall C&C and Roof C&C worksheets.  (Note: a version of this document applicable to the ASCE 7-10 Code was not available at the time of writing this program.)
8. This program contains numerous “comment boxes” which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc.  (Note:  presence of a “comment box” is denoted by a “red triangle” in the upper right-hand corner of a cell.  Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular “comment box”.)

 

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Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis

Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis

 

Calculation Description:

“GRDSLAB” is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of concrete slabs on grade.Specifically, a concrete slab on grade may be subjected to concentrated post or wheel loading.

Then for the given parameters, the slab flexural, bearing, and shear stresses are checked, the estimated crack width is determined, the minimum required distribution reinforcing is determined, and the bearing stress on the dowels at construction joints is checked.

Also, design charts from the Portland Cement Association (PCA) are included to provide an additional method for determining/checking required slab thickness for flexure.The ability to analyze the capacity of a slab on grade subjected to continuous wall (line-type) load as well as stationary, uniformly distributed live loads is also provided.

 

This program is a workbook consisting of eight (8) worksheets, described as follows:

Doc – Documentation

Slab on Grade – Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Concentrated Post or Wheel Loading

PCA Fig. 3-Wheel Load – PCA Figure 3 – Design Chart for Single Wheel Loads

PCA Fig. 7a-Post Load – PCA Figure 7a – Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 50 pci)

PCA Fig. 7b-Post Load – PCA Figure 7b – Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 100 pci)

PCA Fig. 7c-Post Load – PCA Figure 7c – Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 200 pci)

Wall Load – Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Wall Load

Unif. Load – Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Stationary Uniform Live Loads

 

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

  1. This program is based on the following references:
  2. “Load Testing of Instumented Pavement Sections – Improved Techniques for Appling the Finite Element Method to Strain Predition in PCC Pavement Structures” – by University of Minnesota, Department of Civil Engineering (submitted to MN/DOT, March 24, 2002)
  3. “Principles of Pavement Design” – by E.J. Yoder and M.W. Witczak (John Wiley & Sons, 1975)
  4. “Design of Concrete Structures” – by Winter, Urquhart, O’Rourke, and Nilson” – (McGraw-Hill, 1962)
  5. “Dowel Bar Opimization: Phases I and II – Final Report” – by Max L. Porter (Iowa State University, 2001)
  6. “Design of Slabs-on-Ground” – ACI 360R-06 – by American Concrete Institute
  7. “Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade” (IS195.01D) – by Robert G. Packard (Portland Cement Association, 1976)
  8. “Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads” Army Technical Manual TM 5-809-12, Air Force Manual AFM 88-3, Chapter 15 (1987)
  9. “Streses and Stains in Rigid Pavements” (Lecture Notes 3) – by Charles Nunoo, Ph.D., P.E. (Florida International University, Miami FL – Fall 2002)
  10. The “Slab on Grade” worksheet assumes a structurally unreinforced slab, ACI-360″Type B”, reinforced only for shrinkage and temperature.An interior load condition is assumed for flexural analysis.That is, the concentrated post or wheel load is assumed to be well away from a “free” slab edge or corner.The original theory and equations by H.M. Westergaard (1926) as modified by Reference (a) in item #1 above are used forthe flexual stress analysis.Some of the more significant simplifying assumptions made in the Westergaard analysis model are as follows:
  11. Slab acts as a homogenous, isotropic elastic solid in equilibrium, with no discontinuities.
  12. Slab is of uniform thickness, and the neutral axis is at mid-depth.
  13. All forces act normal to the surface (shear and friction forces are assumed to be negligible).
  14. Deformation within the elements, normal to slab surface, are considered.
  15. Shear deformation is negligible.
  16. Slab is considered infinite for center loading and semi-infinite for edge loading.
  17. Load at interior and corner of slab distributed uniformly of a circular contact area.
  18. Full contact (support) between the slab and foundation.
  19. Other basic assumptions used in the flexural analysis of the “Slab on Grade” worksheet are as follows:
  20. Slab viewed as a plate on a liquid foundation with full subgrade contact (subgrade modeled as a series of independent springs – also known as “Winkler” foundation.)
  21. Modulus of subgrade reaction (“k”) is used to represent the subgrade.
  22. Slab is considered as unreinforced concrete beam, so that any contribution made to flexural strength by the inclusion of distribution reinforcement is neglected.
  23. Combination of flexural and direct tensile stresses will result in transverse and longitudinal cracks.
  24. Supporting subbase and/or subgrade act as elastic material, regaining position after application of load.
  25. The “Slab on Grade” worksheet allows the user to account for the effect of an additional post or wheel load. The increase in stress, ‘i’, due to a 2nd wheel (or post) load expressed as a percentage of stress for a single wheel (or post) load and is to be input by the user.Refer to the input comment box for recommendations.
  26. All four (4) worksheets pertaining to the PCA Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c from Reference (f) in item #1 above are based on interior load condition and other similar assumptions used in the “Slab on Grade” worksheet. Other assumed values used in the development of the Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c are as follows:
  27. Modulus of elasticity for concrete, Ec = 4,000,000 psi.
  28. Poisson’s Ratio for concrete, m = 0.15.
  29. In the four (4) worksheets pertaining to the PCA Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c, the user must manually determine (read) the required slab thickness from the design chart and must manually input that thickness in the appropriate cell at the bottom of the page.An interation or two may be required, as when the slab thickness is input, it may/may not change the effective contact area.Note:the user may unprotect the worksheet (no password is required) and access the Drawing Toolbar (select: View, Toolbars, and Drawing) to manually draw in (superimpose) the lines on the chart which are used to determine the required slab thickness.
  30. 7.This program contains numerous “comment boxes” which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc.(Note:presence of a “comment box” is denoted by a “red triangle” in the upper right-hand corner of a cell.Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular “comment box”.)

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Axial load capacities of single plates per AISC

Axial load capacities of single plates per AISC

“PLATECAP.xls” is a MS-Excel spreadsheet program for determining the axial load capacities (tension and compression) of single plates per AISC 9th Edition (ASD).

All the worksheets are independent and self contained, so that you can move them from one workbook to another. All the worksheets are protected, but not with a password.

Please read the “DOC” worksheet for program details as well as assumptions and limitations.

Calculation Reference
AISC

 

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PMP Sixth Edition Exam Simulator n°01

Free PMP® Practice Exam Questions
100 Sample Test Questions

Based on the PMBOK® Guide Exam 6th Edition, and updated for the 2019 PMP Exam!

 

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1.

Vocal inflection accounts for how much understanding of verbal communication?

2.

On your current project, EV = $45,000, AC = $50,000, PV = $40,000. What is the schedule variance as a percentage of the work accomplished at this point in time?

3.

During the Executing and the Monitoring and Controlling phases, project managers frequently engage in replanning activity due to discovery or a change in customer needs. The term used to describe this process is called?

4.

One of your project team members approached you visibly upset. It appears the team member overheard a director and another project manager discussing an apparent scheme to defraud the company. What is the FIRST thing that you should do as the project manager?

5.

The project has been running smoothly; initiation phase is complete and the team is working on all aspects of planning. You had meetings with stakeholders several times to collect requirements and as a result, requirements documentation is almost complete, as are high-level and detailed design documents. As construction begins on the project, several stakeholders have indicated the need for changes to the requirements set. They are claiming these elements were missed in the initial requirements collection process, and they want you to add these elements to the project immediately. You perform an impact assessment and get it back to them only to hear that they are not going to allow any changes in the project budget or the timeline to complete these additional elements. What is the most effective tool that you could use to prevent this instance of scope creep?

6.

Which type of procurement document is most appropriate for a cost reimbursable contract?

7.

Your vendor just shipped you 100,000 parts. What is the best quality tool to use given that you do not have the time or the workers available to check each part?

8.

One of the risks identified in the project’s risk register has a probability of 85%. As the project manager what would you do first upon making this discovery?

9.

You have just created the scope management plan for your current project. As the project manager, what is the next thing that you should do?

10.

Stakeholders are generally classified based on their ________________________?

11.

The mechanical engineering manager has reported to you, a PMP, that the work due at the end of this week is going to be two weeks late. Your manager has requested that you do not report this to senior management. What does the PMI Code of Ethics require you to do?

12.

One of the goals of your current project is to automate a current process that is currently done manually. What is the best quality tool to use in this situation?

13. The buyer has established a CPFF vehicle for the current procurement activity. What is the buyer most concerned about?

14.

Which of the following statements about earned value is true?

15.

A Project Manager is using PDM to perform critical path analysis. The network diagram is represented as shown using below. Which of the following represents the path:

Activity Duration Dependent on
A 3 none
C 2 none
B 2 A
D 4 C
E 3 none
F 5 E
G 3 D,F
H 1 D,F
I 2 B,G
R 0 H,I

16.

For the sequence diagram in question 15, what is the float of activity B?

17.

For the sequence diagram in question 15, what is the float of activity H?

18.

According to PMI, the PMO is not responsible for…?

19.

You decide to conduct a quality audit of the cryogenic capable hardware being manufactured by your company during project execution. The quality audit will identify all of the following, except…?

20.

Which of the following statements about risk is the most correct?

21.

You have determined your project will optimistically take 24 weeks to complete, with a most likely completion date of 36 weeks and a pessimistic completion date of 72 weeks. Based on this three point estimate what is the likely completion timeline for the project?

22.

The five elements of the sender-receiver model in communications are …?

23.

The two basic standards that define the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct are:

24.

A SIPOC diagram is a type of…?

25.

You identified the possibility of several high-impact risks on your current project at the last stakeholder meeting. A senior VP was in attendance and immediately announced, “We’re looking for ‘can-do’ people for this project. If you can’t handle it, I’ll find someone who can!” What would be the best response to this statement?

26.

If you add two more people to a team of five people, how many additional lines of communication will be created?

27.

The life cycle of a product or service begins with…?

28.

An approved change request just increased the scope of your project. This could result in all of the following except?

29.

The essential difference between cost and price is…?

30.

Which of the following would be least important on the risk register?

31.

A finish to finish relationship is defined as which of the following?

32.

Which of the following best describes a stakeholder?

33.

In the Influence/Impact grid, the best management technique for stakeholders who are high in influence and high in impact is to…?

34.

Senior management brought you in to run a project as an ‘execution’ project manager. The timeline and the budget were already established by senior management and you have been asked to simply bring the project in on time and on budget. You do a thorough examination of the project parameters and discover that there is no way the current project can be completed for the budget and the time allotted. In fact, your calculation shows the project will cost 40% over the authorized budget and will take six months longer to complete. What should you do?

35.

The quality control team has raised concerns about the quality of the output of a specific manufacturing process consisting of 3 steps. The quality control team leader reports that there is a 99% probability step #1 will produce a defect free part, a 98% probability that step #2 will produce a defect free part and a 96% probability step #3 will produce a defect free part. At the end of the third step, what is the approximate probability that an article chosen at random will be defect free?

36.

The ability of the project manager to expend funds and allocate resources on a project is a function of?

37.

Reward power means that the project manager can issue rewards. Examples of rewards can include bonuses or comp time. PMI regards reward power as…?

 

38.

Your customer is having difficulty verbalizing the requirements for the upcoming project. The key stakeholder has stated to you “We want it to work sort of like this – I can’t really describe it but I’ll know it when I see it…” In this instance, what would be the most effective project lifecycle to implement?

39.

What costs are the most important costs that need to be considered when making a purchase decision for a product or service?

40.

Which of the following is not a leadership style in the Hersey/Blanchard situational leadership model?

41.

You are assessing two projects for risk. Project #1 has a most likely duration of 95 days with a standard deviation of 10 days, and Project #2 has a most likely duration of 110 days with a standard deviation of 5 days. All of the following statements are true except…?

42.

Rolling wave planning is__________________.

43.

To understand the requirements for the product of your current project, you have conducted a systems analysis, a requirements analysis, a product breakdown and a value analysis. These activities define what is known as a…?

44.

The risk register usually includes all of the following, except…?

45.

The Monitoring and Controlling phase of project management involves measuring your performance against the plan, looking for changes and variances, and how to bring future performance in line with the project plan. Which term best describes this type of action?

46.

The purpose of a change request resulting in a recommended preventive action is to…?

47.

All of the following statements about change are true except…?

48.

What do confronting, compromising, and forcing all describe?

49.

Project managers are frequently performing activities to control the budget, timeline, output and deliverables on a project. What does PMI mean by ‘control’?

50.

You are thinking of purchasing a software product from a relatively young organization – they have been in business less than two years. This is a cutting edge financial product that would put you at least 18 months ahead of all competitors in your market space. However, your concern is that if you purchase software from them, there is a possibility that they may go out of business and you would lose the investment in the software. You ask the company to outright purchase the software code, but the company has rejected this as an option. What is your best option moving forward if the company‘s survivability is an issue?

51. You are the Project Manager of ABC project. There was a conflict between two key project members. The three of you meet and decide to use compromise as the conflict resolution technique. Compromise generally leads to

52. The Procurement Statement of Work is an output of which of these processes?

53. Which of these is a tool for Develop Project Charter process?

54. Which of the following best describes the purpose of a war room?

55. You are the Project Manager of a project involving designing a computer system. Your team members follow what you tell them because you have the authority to provide negative feedback in their performance appraisal. This is an example of which type of power?

56. Cost baseline is usually represented using which curve or line?

57. You are in the process of Source Selection for a contract for your project. You are planning to use weighing process for source selection. There are four vendors being considered. There are two deciding factors price (weightage 40), quality (weightage 60). The scores of four vendors that your team has computed are displayed in the table below. Which vendor among these four should be chosen?

Vendor scores

Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4
Price 8 10 12 11
Quality 12 10 8 11

58. You are working on a project to build a bridge. You have reached the planned half way mark. The total planned cost at this stage is five hundred dollars. The actual physical work that has been completed at this stage is worth $400. You have already spent one thousand dollars on the project. What is the CPI?

59. You are working on a project to build a bridge. You have reached the planned half way mark. The total planned cost at this stage is five hundred dollars. The actual physical work that has been completed at this stage is worth $400. You have already spent one thousand dollars on the project. What is the Schedule Variance?

60. John needs to visit many countries as part of his job. He has learned that he needs to avoid being ethno-centric. What does ethnocentrism mean?

61. You are planning to use a screening system for source selection process to select a vendor for supplying food for your company? Which of these is a good example of a screening system?

62. Which of the following is not an input to the Conduct Procurements process?

63. You are using control charts to perform quality control. Which of these situations does not indicate that the process is out of control and an assignable cause needs to be assigned. Assume that the control limits have been set to three sigma.

64. You are the Project Manager of a car manufacturing company. As part of Quality Control you decide to check only 5% of the cars assembled for environmental check. Which technique are you using?

65. Which of the following is a true statement about risks?

66. Which of the following is not true about the Close Project or Phase process?

67. Which of the following is an output of the Identify Risks process.

68. In which process of the Project Risk Management knowledge area are numeric values assigned to probabilities and impact of risks

69. Your project is well underway, and the project management plan as well as subsidiary plans have been baselined and work is proceeding apace. A key project stakeholder has just approached you with a problem: a requirement was missed by the business in the requirements gathering process and they want it inserted into the project plan without having to go through the formal change request process. They would consider it a huge favor if you did so and would be willing to reciprocate at some later date. What should you do next?

70. Expert judgment is a tool and technique of all of the following processes except…?

71. Which of these is not an example of a project?

72. Describing stakeholders based on their power (ability to impose will), urgency (need for immediate attention), and legitimacy (their involvement), describes what type of grid or model?

73. Which of the following best describes Plan Stakeholder Management process?

74. A series of stakeholder meetings were called to address the needs of stakeholders for the upcoming project. A list of 150 requirements was drawn up. After reviewing the list and developing a high level estimate, the PM reported back to the stakeholder group that due to the budget limitations on the project, it would be possible to deliver only 75 of these requirements. A new meeting was called to cull the list from 150 to 75. The stakeholders were going through the list, when there was serious contention about a group of requirements. The disagreement escalated to a shouting match, and several stakeholders left the meeting infuriated. What risk tool would have best prevented this situation?

75. Project roles and responsibilities can be graphically represented in what is called a…?

76. On your current project, you have spent a week with the project team and the stakeholders defining the activities that will be executed to complete the product of the project. What is the next step you will perform in this process?

77. While executing the project it becomes obvious that you’re not going to hit your end date. The project may be delayed by at least two months. This may impact the start date of another project that was due to start right after yours completed. What type of float best describes this situation?

78. The lowest level of the WBS addresses__________________.

79. Project Scope Management defines the work required to complete the project successfully_______________.

80. You are developing a project statement of work for your current project. To what level of detail is the statement of work developed?

81. Cost overruns on a project are usually caused by some combination of the following with the exception of?

82. You are managing a project in which various stakeholders are for or against a specific change in the project. The best tool to identify the reasons for or against the change is _______________.

83. Which of the following is not part of the Control Communications process?

84. Project Communications Management involves the appropriate generation, election, dissemination, storage, and occasional disposition of project information. The overall focus of project communication is to…?

85. The manner in which individual resources, teams, and entire organizational units behave can be described by…?

86. Your company makes a product that a potential buyer is very interested in. After several discussions, the potential buyer issues a letter of intent to purchase the product within the next two months. Your company president takes this letter of intent (LOI) to the local commercial bank in the hopes of obtaining a short-term loan to purchase the necessary equipment to deliver on this potentially lucrative contract. The bank turns him down flat, even though the seller’s finances are in good order. Why do you think this is the case?

87. What does an SPC chart set the upper and lower control limits?

88. You are dealing with the stakeholder that views your project as a significant negative. What will you use to help minimize negative stakeholder impact on the project?

89. The wages of hourly workers on a time and materials project is considered a/an_________________ cost.

90. Training needs, recognition and rewards, and regulation or contract compliance are all items that are addressed as part of the…

91. The hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory developed by: Category: Group HR

92. You have been authorized by the contract administrator in your organization to handle specific changes in the contract should the need arise. The vendor on this particular procurement has indicated a need for a change in the current specification. You discuss the change with the vendor, verbally agree to it, and implement the change via the standard change request process, as specified in the contract. At an invoice audit several months later, the purchasing organization refuses to pay for the work that was entered in the change system. What has the project manager forgotten to do in this instance?

93. The communication plan is developed based on which of the following elements?

94. Validate Scope is part of what process group?

95. Since you had indicated that unavailability of resources was a risk on your project, you had a contingency strategy in place that allowed for a temporary staff augmentation. Management signed off on this approach. This risk was realized and you implemented the contingency plan, however the new staff may take longer to get up to speed in the environment than originally thought. What does this new situation describe?

96. The feature set for your company’s newest jet-ski line contains fewer features than those normally produced by the company. The QC manager is discussing this with the PM and is complaining that the design does not meet standard company production guidelines. His argument is that the limited feature set is inconsistent with the company’s established quality policy. What is the best way for the PM to respond to the QC manager?

97. Management from the customer side wants to bring in a project one month earlier than they had originally planned. Based on the current project timeline, product testing will have to be cut short. You have reviewed several options with the customer; they have decided that crashing the schedule would be the best approach to bringing in the project earlier. As a result of customer’s decision, what is your biggest concern using this approach?

98. Assessing how a stakeholder is likely to react in a given situation is described in ______________?


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