Different Types of Formwork Used in Concrete Construction

Different Types of Formwork Used in Concrete Construction

 

Formworks can be crafted from plywood, timber, steel, fabric and plastic as well. The formwork chosen for a particular construction process should be able to withstand the weight of the concrete. Therefore choosing the right type of formwork construction is essential to choose. Many types of the frame are available, which is mentioned below:

 

Timber Formwork

Timber formwork is the most widely used formwork. It has been commonly used in construction from the ancient period. It is quite economical and easy to access. Timber shuttering has the following advantages:

● It is lightweight
● Well composed
● It is easily accessible

Timber formwork is mainly used for small projects, and you can do the formwork construction with locally available timber. When compared with steel, it is quite lightweight.

Timber Formwork

Steel Formwork

 

Steel formwork is quite famous due to its durability, strength and capability of being used multiple times. It is advantageous for small projects, but they are also used for managing big projects. It provides a smooth texture when compared with the timber framework. It can be used in tanks, tunnels, columns and chimneys. Some of the advantages of steel formwork are as follows:

● It is durable and rigid
● Provides smooth finish
● It does not allow moisture to enter
● It can be used for multiple times

Steel Formwork

Aluminium Formwork

 

It is a fact that the density of aluminium is less when compared with the material steel, but it is lightweight. This formwork shares the same benefits as steel formwork. Working with aluminium formwork is indeed economical. It is used in completing big projects.

Aluminium Formwork

Plywood Formwork

 

Plywood formwork is a version of re-moulded timber. These are fixed with timber frames for manufacturing the panels of the desired size. Plywood timberwork is quite easy to manage, and it is flexible also. However, the life of plywood formwork is comparatively lower than other types of formwork.

Plywood Formwork

Fabric Formwork

 

With the development in the construction field, new technology is being used for planning and designing. The construction of complex-shaped fabric formwork has increased over the past few years. The main advantage of using fabric formwork is that it promotes flexibility and makes it possible for generating formwork of the required shape and size.

Fabric Formwork

Plastic Formwork

 

The best part of using plastic formworks is lightweight and can be used several times as well. It is best suited for concrete construction. This kind of formwork is widely becoming popular due to the multiple benefits that it provides. Some of the advantages of working with plastic formwork are given below.

● These material are lightweight, and therefore it needs less managing cost
● It is quite economical for big construction
● If it is being installed in the right way, no doubt it can be used multiple times.

Plastic Formwork

 

 

Different Uses of Box Culverts

Different Uses of Box Culverts

 

 

Introduction

A structure in constructions that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, or a similar obstruction is called a culvert.

These are generally made from a pipe or reinforced concrete and are embedded in the soil. Culverts come in different shapes. It can be round, elliptical, flat-bottomed, open-bottomed, pear-shaped, or box-like constructions.

Box culverts are those four-sided culverts used in making short-span bridges like over highways, waterways, etc. These are made of concrete and RCC (Reinforced Concrete) in particular. Box culverts come across as one of the most useful structures in modern construction. They serve various purposes like for intakes and outtakes, steam tunnels, corridor links, road crossings, service tunnels, and utility trenches.

Let’s understand the different uses of box culverts in detail below.

Uses of Box Culverts

 

Road and Highway Construction:

Box culverts are one of the most important features in road and highway construction. The box culverts let water flow under roads and highways without hampering the flow of traffic. Also, they serve as alternative animal crossings. Since these places need to endure traffic loads and extreme weather conditions, the culverts used here must be robust. Hence it is advised to build culvert out of concrete.

Highway Box Culvert

Use in Railroads :

Just like road or highway construction, box culverts are an essential element used in the construction and maintenance of railroads. They can be used here to replace small bridges or create crossings over creeks and any waterways.

Railway Box Culvert

 

Box Culverts in Utility Work:

Box Culverts are also required in utility work serving as utility tunnels that carry electricity, water, and sewer lines. In places where the climate is cold, and it is difficult to bury lines below the frost level, utility tunnels are imperative. Additionally, they are used to carry communication lines, such as telephone and cable television.

 

What makes Box Culverts Cost-Effective?

 

● Box culverts are a fast and economical method for tunnels under roadways.

● These can be tailored in large sizes to manage increased flow rates and capacities.

● Because of the rigidity and monolithic operation, separate foundations are not required which makes box culverts quite economical.

 

Suggested Read:

 

Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert Calculation Spreadsheet

Standard DWG Autocad Drawing For Box Cell Culvert

Pipe Culvert Wing Wall CAD template DWG

Culvert General Plan and Sections Details CAD Template DWG

Box Culvert Curved Concrete Layout CAD Template DWG

Box Culvert Concrete Reinforcement Details CAD Template DWG

Culvert Concrete Reinforcement Details CAD Template DWG

Box Culvert Design and Calculation Spreadsheet

What is a truss Bridge ? Types of Bridge Trusses

What is a truss Bridge ? Types of Bridge Trusses

 

Definition of a truss Bridge:

 

Truss is a structure of connected elements forming triangular units, and a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss is a truss bridge.

From a mechanical point of view, truss structures are highly efficient in using the strengths of construction materials due to the fact that only axial forces are resisted in truss members.

Truss bridges are one of the oldest types of modern bridges. Trusses are generally assumed as pinned connection between adjacent truss members. Therefore, the truss members like chords, verticals, and diagonals act only in either tension or compression.

Axial forces in truss bridges under deadweight. (A) Pratt truss. (B) Warren truss.

 

Moreover, a truss is generally more rigid than a beam because a truss is composed of a variant of triangles and it has the ability to dissipate a load through the whole truss. The truss bridge is also called a beam bridge with braces.

For modern truss bridges, gusset plate connections are generally used, then bending moments and shear forces of members should be considered for evaluating the real performance of the truss bridges, which is achieved by the aid of finite element software.

For the design point of view, however, the pinned connection assumption is considered for security concerns and also for simplifying the structural design and analyses.

In addition, as the axial forces (but not bending moments and shear forces) are generally governs the stress conditions of the members, such assumption generally will not cause large errors between the real bridges and the design models.

According to this assumption, the truss members can be in tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads.

Owing to its simple design method and efficient use of materials, a truss bridge is economical to design and construct.

Short-span truss bridges are built as simply supported, while the large span truss bridges are generally built as continuous truss bridges or cantilever truss bridges.

 

 

Truss bridge examples

Types Of Trusses :

There are three common truss configurations that are often used in bridges, namely Warren truss, modified Warren truss, and Pratt truss.

All these truss configurations can be used as an underslung truss, a semithrough truss, or a through truss bridge.

Warren trusses have parallel chords and alternating diagonals. Warren trusses with verticals to reduce panel size are named as modified Warren truss.

Pratt trusses have diagonals sloping downward toward the center and parallel chords.

Truss types according to structural forms. (A) Warren truss. (B) Modified Warren
truss. (C) Pratt truss

Flexural Design Of a Singly Reinforced Rectangular Section Spreadsheet

Flexural Design Of a Singly Reinforced Rectangular Section Spreadsheet

 

Flexural members are slender members that deform primarily by bending moments caused by concentrated couples or transverse forces. In modern construction, these members may be joists, beams, girders, spandrels, lintels, and other specially named elements. But their behavior in every case is essentially the same.

 

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Built-Up Member Design and Calculation Spreadsheet

Built-Up Member Design and Calculation Spreadsheet

 

Built-up members are used in many structures, such as compression members of trusses or supporting columns. They are composed from two rolled U-sections or four rolled angles. … They are used in the present study, the aim of which is to elaborate the optimum design of such structural parts.

 

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