Two Pile Cap Foundation Design Spreadsheet
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The development of any country depends on the rate of industrial growth. Currently, there is a race in industrial projects worldwide. The development of the industry depends on the development of the energy reserve by investment in projects of oil and gas exploration, onshore and offshore, which require new facilities or rehabilitation of existing facilities.
At the same time, there are projects that are running in parallel to deliver electricity from electrical power stations or through nuclear power plants.
In this book, the term industrial structures means all the reinforced concrete and steel structures from a small factory to a nuclear plant. This book will be an overview of industrial project management, design, construction, and
eventually providing a maintenance plan. Industrial projects, in most cases, are huge and can cost a billion dollars for one project, so the client, engineering firm, and contractor are in the same boat until they achieve project success through a strong management system and technical competence.
Therefore, this book discusses all items that interface among these main three partners.
By Tadeusz Stolarski, Y. Nakasone, S. Yoshimoto
This book is very much the result of a collaboration between the three co-authors:
Professors Nakasone and Yoshimoto of Tokyo University of Science, Japan and Professor Stolarski of Brunel University, United Kingdom.
This collaboration started some 10 years ago and initially covered only research topics of interest to the authors.
Exchange of academic staff and research students have taken place and archive papers have been published. However, being academic does not mean research only.
The other important activity of any academic is to teach students on degree courses. Since the authors are involved in teaching students various aspects of finite engineering analyses using ANSYS it is only natural that the need for a textbook to aid students in solving problems with ANSYS has been identified.
Structural engineering has an intellectually rich and aesthetically pleasing tradition of blending design
and analysis.
The goal of this book is to reinvent this rich tradition with the hope of nurturing the growth of the next generation of practicing engineers and architects. Today, we have a tremendous opportunity to link design, analysis and computational thinking in a single, cohesive, graphical approach to structures.
Today, we can truly integrate structure into architecture, in a way that was intuited by brilliant designers of the past. Sophisticated programmable 3D computer graphics open up a new worldview, one which allows students to see how mathematical knowledge can be used to solve architectural design problems.
Linking parametric modeling, with graphical techniques of structural analysis and with prototype model construction, will deeply impact the designers of the next generation.
Rigorous Ribbed Slabs Spreadsheet according to BS 8110:2005
Rivets are non threaded fasteners that are usually manufactured from steel or aluminium. They consist of a preformed head and shank, which is inserted into the material tobe joined and the second head that enables the rivet to function as a fastener is formedon the free end by a variety of means known as setting.
A conventional rivet before and after setting is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Fig.1 Conventional rivet before and after setting
Rivets are widely used to join components in aircraft (e.g. see Fig.2) boilers, ships and boxes and other enclosures. Rivets tend to be much cheaper to install than bolts and the process can be readily automated with single riveting machines capable of installing thousands of rivets an hour.
Fig 2. Two historical examples of the use of rivets on the Lockheed Electra and RB211engine nacelle.
Rivets can be made from any ductile material such as carbon steel, aluminium and brass. A variety of coatings are available to improve corrosion resistance. Care needs to be taken in the selection of material and coating to avoid the possibility of corrosion by galvanic action.
In general a given size rivet will be not as strong as the equivalent threaded fastener.
The two main types of rivet are tubular and blind and each type are available in amultitude of varieties. The advantage of blind rivets (Fig.3) is that they require access to only one side of the joint.
Fig 3. An example of the application of a closed end blind rivet
A further type of rivet with potentially many over-all advantages, from the production perspective, is the self-piercing rivet that does not require a predrilled hole. The rivet is driven into the target materials with high force, piercing the top sheets and spreading outwards into the bottom sheet of material under the influence of an upsetting die to form the joint.
Factors in the design and specification of rivets include the size, type and material for the rivet, the type of joint, and the spacing between rivets.
There are two main types of riveted joint: lap-joints and butt-joints(Fig.4).
In lap joints the components to be joined overlap each other, while for butt joints an additional piece of material is used to bridge the two components to be joined which are butted up against each other.
Rivets can fail by shearing through one cross-section known as single shear, shearing through two cross-sections known as double shear, and crushing. Riveted plates can fail by shearing, tearing and crushing.