Seismic Analysis of Structures Free PDF

Seismic Analysis of Structures Free PDF

By T. K. Datta

 

For structural engineers, earthquake engineering can be broadly divided into three areas, namely,
seismology (including ground effects), seismic analysis, and seismic design.

These areas are big subjects in themselves and deserve separate treatment in exclusive books. While there are many excellent books that cover these three areas in varying proportions, none have been written exclusively on the seismic analysis of structures for use in teaching an undergraduate elective or a postgraduate core course.

Furthermore, there are virtually no books that contain all aspects of the seismic analysis of structures, combining new concepts with existing ones, which graduate students pursuing research in the area of earthquake engineering would appreciate.

Content :
  • 1 Seismology.
  • 2 Seismic Inputs for Structures.
  • 3 Response Analysis for Specified Ground Motions.
  • 4 Frequency Domain Spectral Analysis.
  • 5 Response Spectrum Method of Analysis.
  • 6 Inelastic Seismic Response of Structures.
  • 7 Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction.
  • 8 Seismic Reliability Analysis of Structures.
  • 9 Seismic Control of Structures.

 

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Pile Design and Construction Practice 6th Edition Free PDF

Pile Design and Construction Practice 6th Edition Free PDF

By Michael Tomlinson

 

Piling is both an art and a science. The art lies in selecting the most suitable type of pile and method of installation for the ground conditions and the form of the loading. Science enables the engineer to predict the behavior of the piles once they are in the ground and subject to loading.

This behavior is influenced profoundly by the method used to install the piles, and it cannot be predicted solely from the physical properties of the pile and of the undisturbed soil. Knowledge of the available types of piling and methods of constructing piled foundations is essential for a thorough understanding of the science of their behavior.

For this reason, the author has preceded the chapters dealing with the calculation of allowable loads on piles and deformation behavior by descriptions of the many types of proprietary and non-proprietary piles and the equipment used to install them.

In recent years, substantial progress has been made in developing methods of predicting the behavior of piles under lateral loading. This is important in the design of foundations for deep-water terminals for oil tankers and oil carriers and for offshore platforms for gas and petroleum production.

The problems concerning the lateral loading of piles have therefore been given detailed treatment in this book.

 

Content :
  • General principles and practices
  • Types of pile
  • Piling equipment and methods
  • Calculating the resistance of piles to compressive loads
  • Pile groups under compressive loading
  • Design of piled foundations to resist uplift and lateral loading
  • Some aspects of the structural design of piles and pile groups
  • Piling for marine structures
  • Miscellaneous piling problems
  • The durability of piled foundations
  • Ground investigations, piling contracts, and pile testing
  • Appendix A: Properties of materials
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Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Handbook by Robert W. Day

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Handbook by Robert W. Day

 

The purpose of this book is to present the practical aspects of geotechnical earthquake engineering. Because of the assumptions and uncertainties associated with geotechnical engineering, it is often described as an “art” rather than an exact science.

Geotechnical earth- quake engineering is even more challenging because of the inherent unknowns associated with earthquakes. Because of these uncertainties in earthquake engineering, simple analy- ses are prominent in this book, with complex and theoretical evaluations kept to an essen- tial minimum.

Content :
  • Introduction
  • Basic Earthquake Principles
  • Common Earthquake Effects
  • Earthquake Structural Damage
  • Site Investigation For Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
  • Liquefaction
  • Earthquake-induced Settlement
  • Bearing Capacity Analyses For Earthquakes
  • Slope Stability Analyses For Earthquakes
  • Retaining Wall Analyses For Earthquakes
  • Other Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Analyses
  • Grading And Other Soil Improvement Methods
  • Foundation Alternatives To Mitigate Earthquake Effects
  • Earthquake Provisions In Building Codes

 

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Precast Prestressed Spun Concrete Piles

Precast Prestressed Spun Concrete Piles

 

Precast prestressed spun concrete piles are closed-ended tubular sections of 400 mm to 600 mm diameter with maximum allowable axial loads up to about 3 000 kN.

Pile sections are normally 12 m long and are usually welded together using steel end plates. Pile sections up to 20 m can also be specially made.

Precast prestressed spun concrete piles require high-strength concrete and careful control during manufacture.

Casting is usually carried out in a factory where the curing conditions can be strictly regulated.

Special manufacturing processes such as compaction by spinning or autoclave curing can be adopted to produce high strength concrete up to about 75 MPa. Such piles may be handled more easily than precast reinforced concrete piles without damage.

This type of piles is generally less permeable than reinforced concrete piles and may be expected to exhibit superior performance in a marine environment. However, they may not be suitable for ground with significant boulder contents. In such cases, preboring may be required to penetrate the underground obstructions.

Spalling, cracking and breaking can occur if careful control is not undertaken and good
driving practice is not followed

Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles

Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles

 

Precast reinforced concrete piles are not common nowadays.

These piles are commonly in square sections ranging from about 250 mm to about 450 mm with a maximum section length of up to about 20 m. Other pile sections may include hexagonal, circular, triangular and H shapes. Maximum allowable axial loads can be up to about 1 000 57kN.

The lengths of pile sections are often dictated by the practical considerations including
transportability, handling problems in sites of restricted area and facilities of the casting yard.
These piles can be lengthened by coupling together on site.

Splicing methods include welding of steel end plates or the use of epoxy mortar with dowels.

This type of pile is not suitable for driving into ground that contains a significant amount of boulders or corestones.

Large-displacement piles Advantages and Disadvantages

Large-displacement piles Advantages and Disadvantages

 

Large-displacement piles include all solid piles, including precast concrete piles, and steel or concrete tubes closed at the lower end by a driving shoe or a plug, i.e. cast-in-place piles.

Advantages of Displacement Piles

  • Material of preformed section can be inspected before driving.
  • Steel piles and driven cast-in-place concrete piles are adaptable to variable driving
  • Installation is generally unaffected by groundwater condition.
  • Soil disposal is not necessary.
  • Driving records may be correlated withinsitu tests or borehole data.
  • Displacement piles tend to compact granular soils thereby improving bearing capacity and stiffness.
  • Pile projection above ground level and the water level is useful for marine structures and obviates the need to cast insitu columns above the piles.
  • Driven cast-in-place piles are associated with low material cost.

Disadvantages of Displacement Piles

 

  • Pile section may be damaged during driving.
  • Founding soil cannot be inspected to confirm the ground conditions as interpreted from the ground investigation data.
  • Ground displacement may cause movement of, or damage to, adjacent piles, structures, slopes or utility installations.
  • Noise may prove unacceptable in a built-up environment.
  • Vibration may prove unacceptable due to presence of sensitive structures, utility installations or machinery nearby.
  • Piles cannot be easily driven in sites with restricted headroom.
  • Excess pore water pressure may develop during driving resulting in false set of the piles, or negative skin friction on piles upon dissipation of excess pore water pressure.
  • Length of precast concrete piles may be constrained by transportation or size of casting yard.
  • Heavy piling plant may require extensive site preparation to construct a suitable piling platform in sites with poor ground conditions.
  • Underground obstructions cannot be coped with easily.
  • For driven cast-in-place piles, the fresh concrete is exposed to various types of potential damage, such as necking, ground intrusions due to displaced soil and possible damage due to driving of adjacent piles.

Pile Classification – The Four Types Of Piles

Pile Classification – The Four Types Of Piles

 

Piles can be classified according to the type of material forming the piles, the mode of load transfer, the degree of ground displacement during pile installation and the method of installation.

Pile classification in accordance with material type (e.g. steel and concrete) has drawbacks because composite piles are available. A classification system based on the mode of load transfer will be difficult to set up because the proportion of shaft resistance and endbearing resistance that occurs in practice usually cannot be reliably predicted. In the installation of piles, either displacement or replacement of the ground will predominate.

A classification system based on the degree of ground displacement during pile installation, such as that recommended in BS 8004 (BSI, 1986) encompasses all types of piles and reflects the fundamental effect of pile construction on the ground which in turn will have a pronounced influence on pile performance.

Such a classification system is therefore considered to be the most appropriate.

Piles are classified into the following four types :

(a) Large-displacement piles, which include all solid piles, including precast concrete piles, and steel or concrete tubes closed at the lower end by a driving shoe or a plug, i.e. cast-in-place piles.

(b) Small-displacement piles, which include rolled steel sections such as H-piles and open-ended tubular piles.
However, these piles will effectively become largedisplacement piles if a soil plug forms.

(c) Replacement piles, which are formed by machine boring, grabbing or hand-digging. The excavation may need to be supported by bentonite slurry, or lined with a casing that is either left in place or extracted during concreting for re-use.

(d) Special piles, which are particular pile types or variants of existing pile types introduced from time to time to improve efficiency or overcome problems related to special ground conditions.

Design Of Wing Wall Spreadsheet

Design Of Wing Wall Spreadsheet

 

The proposed cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structures is a wing wall of propsed Arch Culvert along road RD-21 (Typical design for all wing wall).

Wingwall shall be designed as cantilever wall to safely withstand earth embankment on one side of wall and comply with minimum factors of safety and 100 kPa recommended net allowable bearing capacity as per RC manual.

 

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