End Plate Bolted Connection Design and Cost Estimation Spreadsheet

End Plate Bolted Connection Design and Cost Estimation Spreadsheet

 

An end plate connection consists solely of a vertical plate shop-welded to the end of the web transverse to the axis of the beam with fillet welds on each side of the web.

The field connection is made by bolting the end plate to the flange or web of the supporting member.

 

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Design Beam-Columns Under Bending Moment and Axial Force Spreadsheet

Design Beam-Columns Under Bending Moment and Axial Force Spreadsheet

 

Axial tension tends to straighten the beam, thus counteracting the bending moments produced by the transverse load. On the other hand, since axial compression may greatly increase the bending moment and the slope and deflection of the beam, it is the more serious type of axial load.

 

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How to Determine Which Conveyor System is Best for Your Operations

How to Determine Which Conveyor System is Best for Your Operations

 

Conveyor systems are widely used because they save companies time, money, and resources that would otherwise be spent moving materials. There are many different types of conveyor systems that can be used in a variety of applications. But, how do you know which one’s best for your company?

What is a conveyor system?

Conveyor systems make it easier to move objects from one place to another. Their design allows you to move materials too heavy or bulky to carry by hand effectively. These pieces of automated equipment can be seen in a variety of places such as airports, scrap yards, large factories, and even grocery stores.

Commonly used types of conveyor systems

With so many different types of conveyor systems, it can be difficult to choose one that best suits your unique operation. However, once you have a basic understanding of the main types of conveyor systems, the choice will be much easier.

 

Let’s take a look at some of the kinds of conveyor solutions and the different purposes each one serves:

Belt Conveyor

Belt conveyors consist of a wide belt that fits over a flat surface or rollers to move items from point A to point B. These systems are stable, keeping the items in position, so they are unlikely to jostle and fall. They also keep the items transported at a consistent pace. That way, you don’t have to worry about your materials bumping into one another or becoming unorganized during transport.

Chute Conveyor

A chute conveyor is the most basic example of a gravity-operated system. They are used in bulk-handling applications to gather items into shipping areas or convey items between floors. Chute systems can even be used to easily load belt conveyors or transfer materials from one moving belt to another.

Gravity Roll Conveyor

Gravity roll conveyors allow materials to move on the rollers using momentum rather than a motor. Warehouse facilities often use these rollers to move boxes, totes, and cartons because they are a cheap and simple solution compared to other conveyor systems. Depending on the model you choose, gravity rollers can hold anywhere between 95 to 3000 pounds per roller.

Bucket Conveyor

Bucket conveyors are used for transporting bulk and small size materials vertically. They’re made of a loop of buckets that stay level when moving from horizontal to vertical, preventing the materials from spilling along the way. These systems are often utilized in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agricultural, and chemical applications.

Ball Transfer Conveyor

Ball transfer tables are used in packing and assembly operations where items need to be moved or rotated in more than one direction. It’s composed of load-bearing spherical balls mounted in a casing that restricts the ball from moving. When assembled into a table, they work together to transfer products to and from machines and conveyor systems efficiently.

Chain Conveyor

Manufacturing and warehousing companies utilize chain conveyors to move products down an assembly line or around the facility. They are equipped to transport heavy unit loads that don’t efficiently move on rollers, such as wrong-way pallets, automobile frames, and racks. Since chain systems easily integrate into CDLR and chain transfers systems, implementing these conveyors also adds versatility to production lines.

Trolley Conveyor

A trolley conveyor is a system of trolleys supported by an overhead track that’s connected to a chain or cable that propels the trolleys. You can use these continuously operating devices in various applications. Facilities primarily use them to move packaged and piece materials long distances around a shop since the system doesn’t require floor space.

Magnetic Conveyor

Magnetic conveyors are one of the types of conveyor belt systems. They are created by placing permanent magnets in the bed of a regular conveyor. These systems can hold ferrous or iron-containing parts fast to the belt, making them suited for elevation changes. You can also use them upside-down since the strength and size of the magnets are designed to fit each application.

Key conveyor system applications

Manufacturers and warehouse facilities typically include conveyors for pick-and-place, assembling, dispensing, and palletizing in their production practices. Due to the versatility of the different types of conveyor systems, companies can use them to suit their unique operations, making them a one-size-fits-all solution.

Some examples of commonly used applications for conveyors include:

Assembly lines

Conveyor systems are an excellent way to speed up your product assembly operations. The item automatically moves along the machinery to each station as pieces are added until the finished product is created.

Packing stations

Product-handling conveyors can be used to create packaging and processing stations. Employees or pick-and-place robots can grab items from the moving belts and package them into containers without leaving their station.

Inspection systems

You can use conveyor systems to automate various inspection processes, from ensuring a product works to determining if it’s the right size. When defective products are found, a conveyor can move them into a separate location from products that pass inspection.

Do you need a conveyor system for your facility?

Conveyor systems have become more widely used as there’s an increased demand for transporting goods as quickly as possible. Cutting down the time it takes to transport materials means that your business can fulfill customer orders more efficiently.

 

Here are some of the signs that your facility needs to implement a conveyor system:

Limited transportation ability

The different types of conveyor systems offer unlimited opportunities for facilities to move their products from one place to another. This allows you to optimize your operations and speed up time to fulfillment, ensuring that your customers get their orders on time.

Need greater protection of goods

Being able to choose the mode of transportation can save you a great deal by preventing lost and damaged products. When goods are moved around a warehouse by busy employees, there are likely to be a few accidents, but everything automatically transitions smoothly with conveyors.

Too many valuable resources are being used to move materials

Moving material by hand not only creates a security risk, but it’s also a waste of valuable resources. If you find that you don’t have enough employees to run your operation, you should look into implementing conveyor systems rather than hiring more people.

What is Pumped Concrete? Advantages of Pumped Concrete

What is Pumped Concrete? Advantages of Pumped Concrete

 

 

What is Pumped Concrete:

 

The method in which the fresh concrete is pumped to the area where the concreting work to be done is called as pumped concrete. For small work, concreting can manually be done, but for large scale work, concreting is efficiently done by pumping.

Concrete pumps are generally mounted on a truck or on a trailer. Pumps can be operated by electric power or diesel. Pipeline pumping system has a diameter between 100mm to 180mm. Diameter size of 125mm is must probably adopted for pumping the concrete.

Modern and advanced handy or portable concrete pumps have more power, high capacity and absolutely reliable hydraulic system and these pumps can take the fresh concrete to a height near about 600 m and also can take the concrete in horizontal distance near about 200 m.

Pumps have fully hydraulic, compact and dirt resistance control system. Hydraulic pump is output regulated and hence require less power utilization at an ideal speed and pressure.

Taper and a clamping device is provided to the outlet portion of the pump so as to connect the pipeline. The outlet portion is easy to clean and also has a simple side swing. The agitator maintains the concrete in an agitated form in between two batches of concrete fed into the hopper.

The concrete pump unit is mounted one the chassis of a tuck and drive of the hydraulic pump is driven from the engine of truck directly. Water pump is joined to the water tank and it is driven hydraulically.

The pump capacity is in m3/hr and it depends on a distance of pumping the concrete, diameter of delivery line and the maximum line pressure.

Concrete pumping capacity depends upon the following factors:

  • Horizontal pipe length through which concrete can be pumped.
  • Vertical pipe length through which concrete can be pumped.
  • Number of bends in pipe line.
  • Diameter of delivery pipe line.
  • Length of flexible hose pipe.
  • Number of reducers in the pipe line.
  • Workability of concrete and its cohesiveness.
  • Type and size of aggregates used in the concrete.
  • Proportion of ingradients in the concrete.

 

Advantages of Pumped Concrete:

 

Following are the advantages of pumping the concrete for casting the various member of the structures:

  • Concrete can be moved horizontally as well as vertically at a time
  • It provides a good quality control.
  • Concreting by pumping is the most effective and sensitive method because any variation in concrete mix can be easily rectified at the pumping point by observing the pumping pressures and hence there is a proper control on consistency and workability of concrete.
  • It refuses to handle any concrete which is unduly harsh, non-cohesive, inadequately mixed, improper consistency.
  • No wastage of concrete if casting work done by pumping, but there is more wastage of concrete if casting work is done manually.
  • Pumped concrete has high workability and good cohesion which provides good finish and ultimate strength.
  • By pumping system, concrete can be placed in inaccessible areas.
  • Mass concreting work can be carried out in a limited time with high speed without cold joints.
  • For high rise building, pumped concrete method is best suitable, economical and faster.
  • Pipeline for delivery of the concrete require a very less space and can be easily extended to the desired height and can be easily removed.
  • The total unit of pumped concrete helps to complete the contacts within the prescribed time given in agreement. It also reduces the site-overheads.

Design Of Square Rectangular Isolated Footing Spreadsheet

Design Of Square Rectangular Isolated Footing Spreadsheet

 

An isolated footing is one of the most used types of foundation to support single-columns when they are arranged at a long distance. An isolated footing must be designed to avoid exceeding its bearing capacity and provide safety against overturning or sliding while preventing the ground from settling.

 

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