To calculate the number of boards needed for purlins, divide the length of the purlin rows by the length of boards you are using (e.g. two boards of length eight feet for each 16 foot long purlin row).
Staircase treads measure between 8 and 10 inches long, with longer treads being used on larger staircases. Nine-inch stair treads are the most common lengths. To determine the length you need, simply measure from the back of the step to the front of the step.
Z Girts, also known as “Z-Bar, Z-Channel, and Zee” are all terms that describe the same type of profile. This cladding attachment system consists of continuous galvanized steel framing members which can be applied vertically, horizontally or crossed.
A POP Rivet is a blind fastener which can be inserted and set from one side of the work piece.
The POP Rivet is inserted into a pre-drilled hole in the materials you’re joining together. The mandrel is gripped by a POP Rivet gun or tool. To Riveting tool pulls mandrel through the body of the rivet and sets it.
Web yielding is the compressive crushing of a beam web caused by the application of a compressive force to the flange directly above or below the web.
This force could be an. end reaction from a support of the type shown in Figure below, or it could be a load. delivered to the top flange by a column or another beam.
Estimators need to understand the consequences of entering into a contract, often defined by complex conditions and documents, as well as to appreciate the technical requirements of the project. Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work, 5th edition, explains the job of the estimator through every stage, from early cost studies to the creation of budgets for successful tenders.
This new edition reflects recent developments in the field and covers:
• new tendering and procurement methods;
• the move from basic estimating to cost-planning and the greater emphasis placed on partnering and collaborative working;
• the New Rules of Measurement (NRM1 and 2), and examines ways in which practising estimators are implementing the guidance;
• emerging technologies such as BIM (Building Information Modelling) and estimating systems which can interact with 3D design models.
With the majority of projects procured using design-and-build contracts, this edition explains the contractor’s role in setting costs, and design statements, to inform and control the development of a project’s design.
Clearly written and illustrated with examples, notes and technical documentation, this book is ideal for students on construction-related courses at HNC/HND and degree levels. It is also an important source for associated professions and estimators at the outset of their careers.
