Professional tools for calculations and dimensioning of mechanical engineering problems using Excel spreadsheets.
AXIAL COLUMN SHORTENING In tall buildings, columns carry huge loads which effectively compress the column along its axis. This is commonly known as ‘axial shortening’.
The axial column displacements generate significant forces within the structural elements they support, and can also cause failure of surrounding non-structural elements.
Circular Column: Circular columns are mostly used in piling and elevation of the buildings for aesthetic purposes.
In a circular column, more than 4 longitudinal steel bars are used as a reinforcement bar. Its bending resistance is generally higher than the square or rectangular column.
Rigid beam-to-column connections are generally subjected to axial and shear forces in addition to bending and torsional moments. Design equation for end-plate thickness of these connections has been extensively investigated
Friction-type connections are widely used to connect steel members where slipping is not permitted under serviceability loads. The friction developed between the faying surfaces transfers the design shear forces at the serviceability limit states. The bolts act in tension and are not subject to shear.
Flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete columns without the use of beams. Flat slab is defined as one sided or two-sided support system with sheer load of the slab being concentrated on the supporting columns and a square slab called ‘drop panels’
COLUMN LOAD TAKE DOWN & DESIGN FOR SYMMETRICALLY REINFORCED RECT. COLUMNS BENT ABOUT TWO AXES TO BS 8110:1997
An engineer needs to carry this calculation out for every column and every floor, summing the results at the end to arrive at a cumulative load for a given column at the foundation.
A two-way slab is a slab which is generally supported on all sides of walls or beams, and whose length to breadth ratio is less than two and it twists or bends in both direction while transferring the loads to the walls or beams.
Liquid retaining structures are to be designed for hydrostatic pressure force, active earth pressure, wind force, seismic force, in addition to self-weight and imposed load.
Being more vulnerable to corrosion problem, they have stringent requirements against serviceability limit state of crack.
The one-way slab is a slab, which is supported by parallel walls or beams, and whose length to breadth ratio is equal to or greater than two and it bends in only one direction (spanning direction). While it is transferring the loads to the two supporting walls or beams, because of its geometry.
