Design of Concrete Retaining Wall as per BS 8110:2005
Professional tools for calculations and dimensioning of mechanical engineering problems using Excel spreadsheets.
The popular RC-spreadsheets package version 4 was issued following the amendment to the UK National Annex to Eurocode 2 in December 2009. These Excel spreadsheets are intended as aids for design to both Eurocode 2 and BS 8110-1:1997.
Version 4B.2 provides updates to Version 4B.1 that reflect developments and improvements particularly with respect to punching shear, column design and pilecap design as well as applying bug fixes.
What does RC Spreadsheets do?
For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets allow the rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations. For post-graduates and new engineers they encourage understanding of concrete design and help the gaining of experience by studying ‘what if’ scenarios. The individual user is able to answer their own questions by chasing through the cells to understand the logic used.
Since their release in January 2000, the RC Spreadsheets have proved to be enormously popular. They are written for engineers by engineers. The original spreadsheets have evolved and been added to and the usefulness and robustness of the product have been enhanced by users feedback. If you have any comments please let us know.
Typical design steps for retaining walls with ground anchors are as follows:
Step 1 : Establish project requirements including all geometry, external loading conditions (temporary and/ or permanent, seismic, etc.), performance criteria, and construction constraints. Consult with Geotechnical Services for the requirements.
Step 2 : Evaluate site subsurface conditions and relevant properties of the in situ soil or rock; and any specifications controlled fill materials including all materials strength parameters, ground water levels, etc. This step is to be performed by Geotechnical Services.
Step 3 : Evaluate material engineering properties, establish design load and resistance factors, and select level of corrosion protection. Consult with Geotechnical Services for soil and rock engineering properties and design issues.
Step 4 : Consult with Geotechnical Services to select the lateral earth pressure distribution acting on back of wall for final wall height. Add appropriate water, surcharge, and seismic pressures to evaluate total lateral pressure. Check stability at intermediate steps during contruction. Geotechnical numerical analysis may be required to simulate staged construction. Consult Geotechnical Services for the task, should it be required.
Step 5 : Space the anchors vertically and horizontally based upon wall type and wall height. Calculate individual anchor loads. Revise anchor spacing and geometry if necessary.
Step 6 : Determine required anchor inclination and horizontal angle based on right-of-way limitations, location of appropriate anchoring strata, and location of underground structures.
Step 7 : Resolve each horizontal anchor load into a vertical force component and a force along the anchor.
Step 8 : Structure Design checks the internal stability and Geotechnical Services checks the external stability of anchored system. Revise ground anchor geometry if necessary.
Step 9 : When adjacent structures are sensitive to movements Structure Design and Geotechical Services shall jointly decide the appropriate level and method of analysis required. Revise design if necessary. For the estimate of lateral wall movements and ground surface settlements, geotechnical numerical analysis is most likely required. Consult with Geotechnical Services for the task, should it be required.
Step 10 : Structure Design analyzes lateral capacity of pile section below excavation subgrade.
Geotechnical Services analyzes vertical capacity. Revise pile section if necessary.
Step 11 : Design connection details, concrete facing, lagging, walers, drainage systems, etc.
Consult with Geotechnical Services for the design of additional drainage needs.
Step 12 : Design the wall facing architectural treatment as required by the Architect.
Steel Connection is divided into two common methods: bolting and welding.
Bolting is the preferred method of Steel connecting members on the site. Staggered bolt layout allows easier access for tightening with a pneumatic wrench when a connection is all bolted. High strength bolts may be snug-tightened or slip-critical. Snug-tightened connections are referred to as bearing connections Bolts in a slip-critical connection act like clamps holding the plies of the material together.Bearing type connections may have threads included ( Type N ) or excluded ( Type X ) from the shear plane(s). Including the threads in the shear plane reduces the strength of the connection by approximately 25%. Loading along the length of the bolt puts the bolt in axial tension. If tension failure occurs, it usually takes place in the threaded section.Three types of high strength bolts A325, A490 (Hexagonal Head Bolts), and F1852 (Button Head Bolt). A325 may be galvanized A490 bolts must not be galvanized F1852 bolts are mechanically galvanized. High strength bolts are most commonly available in 5/8” – 1 ½” diameters. Bolting requires punching or drilling of holes. Holes may be standard size holes, oversize holes, short slotted holes, long slotted holes
Due to high costs of labor, extensive field -welding is the most expensive component in a steel frame. Welding should be performed on bare metal. Shop welding is preferred over field welding. The weld material should have a higher strength than the pieces being connected.Single-pass welds are more economical than multi-pass welds. The most economical size weld that may be horizontally deposited in one pass has 5/16”. Fillet welds and groove welds make up the majority of all structural welds. The strength of a fillet weld is directly proportional to the weld’s throat dimension. The capacity of a weld depends on the weld’s throat dimension and its length.
Structural Toolkit is a Structural Engineering software package specifically developed to assist the
Professional Structural Engineer.
Comprising a suite of structural engineering modules that use Microsoft® Excel combined with the power of
Visual Basic, Structural Toolkit delivers fast and accurate design assistance.
Structural Toolkit covers a diverse range of materials and methods including:
Analysis
Concrete
Composite
Footings
Loadings
Masonry
Retaining walls
Steel
Timber
Modules comply with current Australian Standards, and refer to a range of standard engineering references
and technical papers. Modules receive regular updates incorporating improvements, corrections and updates
as Standards change.
Only Australian Standards but because my stepson is now student in Melbourne (IT not Civil) i dedicated some time to free this program.
You can see it is registerd to Australian People and i hope after checking it you will buy it.
Copy the adapted files respectively in the proper folders and replace the existing.
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This is a very useful tool to Australian Standards. This also has simple structural modelling available.
Just a caution if you use this, especially the reinforced concrete design. AS3600 uses a steel grade with Fy=500 MPa.
For Steel Design, the section they use is similar to British Standard and the steel grade is nominally grade 300 steel (Fy=300 MPa).
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