A beam or column that relies on adjacent structural members for support is braced in a lean-on system. Structural members that are tied or linked together such that buckling of the member would require adjacent members to buckle with the same lateral displacement characterize lean-on systems.
The eight bolt stiffened (8ES) EEP connection is one of the prequalified moment connections in the AISC 358 standard for special moment frames (SMFs) in seismic regions. In this connection, a stiffener plate is welded between the end plate and the beam flanges to strengthen the extended portion of the end plate.
Flush Wall Pilaster. This program provides design and analysis of columns contained entirely within the thickness of a masonry wall. The column may be subjected to a combination of eccentric vertical loads and lateral loads due to seismic or wind forces.
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This Spreadsheet calculates maximum bending moments and shears for moving point loads (Vehicle Axle Loads) on a single span or continuous multi-span beam using the moment distribution method.
A summary of the maximum moments and shears are listed together with their critical load case and position of vehicle.
Individual axle loads and spacings are entered for Abnormal Loads (multi-axled vehicles). S
tandard vehicles, such as HB loads, BD21 Annex D and BD86 STGO vehicles, have been included and may be selected from drop-down lists.
Sections for critical shear may be chosen to be at the support or at a distance away from the support. This is useful for concrete beams when shear is usually considered at distance d1 (effective depth to reinforcement) from the support.
The Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) and 1.1 Overload Factor (OF) in BD86 are automatically applied to the axles together with the 1.2 OF applied to the critical axle for the STGO vehicles. The Impact Factor in BD 21 Annex D may be set to 1.8 or 1.0 (1.0 is used for cast iron beams). No other load factors are applied to the axles.
WARNING
The maximum moments and shears are determined by looping through the calculations lots of times so if you are analysing more than three spans, or vehicles with more than 10 axles, then the process may take some time before results are produced.
A stair flight is a run of stairs or steps between landings. A staircase or stairway is one or more flights of stairs leading from one floor to another, and includes landings, newel posts, handrails, balustrades and additional parts.
Flight is a continuous series of steps in one direction, separated by horizontal platforms or winders.
Landing, is the horizontal platform provided at the top-of a flight. If the landing is of a rectangular shape, having a length equal to twice the width of the stairs, the landing is called Half Space Landing.
Corbel is a short cantilever projecting out from a column, a wall, or the side of a beam.
ACI 318 restricts the term “corbel” to a member having span-to-depth ratio which is less than or equal to 1.0. Corbels are widely used in precast concrete construction.
