Design Footing on Two Piles As Per ACI 318-99 Spreadsheet
Wind Load on Roof Screen Based on IBC 2006 / ASCE 7-05
EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE is the physical principle behind the pressure tube (Pitot) or pressure-plate anemometer. The wind pressure is also used to orient wind vanes and measure the wind direction.
The pressure plate measures the deflection of a flat plate that is continually oriented along the wind direction by a vane.
Dynamic wind load gives rise to vertical motion, creating oscillations in any direction. Like the breaking of an overused violin string, oscillations are vibrations that can cause a bridge to fail.
AXIAL COLUMN SHORTENING In tall buildings, columns carry huge loads which effectively compress the column along its axis. This is commonly known as ‘axial shortening’.
The axial column displacements generate significant forces within the structural elements they support, and can also cause failure of surrounding non-structural elements.
Circular Column: Circular columns are mostly used in piling and elevation of the buildings for aesthetic purposes.
In a circular column, more than 4 longitudinal steel bars are used as a reinforcement bar. Its bending resistance is generally higher than the square or rectangular column.