Cons of BIM in Civil Engineering

While Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers many benefits in civil engineering, there are potential drawbacks and negative elements that could arise if BIM is not implemented or managed properly. Here are some of the cons and potential negative impacts of BIM in civil engineering:

1. High Initial Costs and Resource Requirements

Implementation Costs: The initial investment required for BIM software, hardware, and training can be substantial. Small firms and projects with limited budgets may find these costs prohibitive.
Ongoing Costs: Maintenance, software updates, and continuous training add to the long-term expenses associated with BIM.

2. Complexity and Steep Learning Curve

Training Requirements: BIM software is complex and requires extensive training. The learning curve can be steep, particularly for those accustomed to traditional design methods.
Specialized Skills: The need for specialized skills can create dependency on specific individuals or roles within a team, making staffing more challenging.

3. Data Management and Overload

Data Overload: BIM generates large amounts of data, which can be difficult to manage and maintain. Ensuring data accuracy and integrity over the lifecycle of a project is a continuous challenge.
Interoperability Issues: Different BIM tools and platforms may not always integrate seamlessly, leading to potential data compatibility and exchange issues.

4. Collaboration and Coordination Challenges

Coordination Problems: Effective collaboration requires all stakeholders to be on the same platform and follow standardized processes. Miscommunication or lack of synchronization can lead to errors and rework.
Resistance to Change: There can be resistance from team members or stakeholders who are more comfortable with traditional methods, leading to slower adoption and potential conflicts.

5. Legal and Contractual Issues

Intellectual Property Concerns: Determining ownership of BIM data can be complex, especially in collaborative environments involving multiple parties.
Contractual Challenges: Existing contracts may not adequately cover the nuances of BIM, potentially leading to disputes. Clear contractual frameworks tailored to BIM are essential but often lacking.

6. Security and Privacy Concerns

Data Security: The digital nature of BIM data poses risks related to data breaches and cyber-attacks. Ensuring robust security measures are in place is critical.
Privacy Issues: Managing and protecting sensitive information within BIM models can be challenging, particularly in projects involving public infrastructure.

7. Technological Dependence and Limitations

Software Limitations: Despite advancements, BIM software may have limitations in handling very large or complex projects. Not all BIM tools offer the same level of functionality or flexibility.
Dependence on Technology: Heavy reliance on BIM technology can lead to vulnerabilities if there are software failures, compatibility issues, or a lack of technical support.

8. Inadequate Standardization and Regulation

Lack of Standardization: The absence of universal BIM standards can lead to inconsistencies in implementation and usage across different projects and regions.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring that BIM models comply with local building codes and regulations can be complex, especially when working in multiple jurisdictions.

9. Impact on Smaller Firms and Projects

Accessibility Issues: Smaller firms may struggle to access the necessary resources to implement BIM effectively, leading to a competitive disadvantage.
Project Suitability: BIM may not be cost-effective for smaller projects, where the benefits do not justify the initial setup and ongoing maintenance costs.

10. Over-Reliance and Potential Skill Degradation

Reduced Hands-On Experience: Over-reliance on BIM technology might lead to a decline in traditional engineering skills and hands-on experience.
Complacency Risk: Engineers and designers might become overly dependent on BIM software, potentially overlooking critical aspects that require human judgment and expertise.

Conclusion

While BIM offers transformative potential for civil engineering, it is not without its challenges and potential downsides. High initial costs, complexity, data management issues, and coordination challenges are some of the critical factors that can negatively impact projects if not addressed properly. Furthermore, legal, security, and regulatory concerns must be carefully managed to ensure the successful implementation of BIM.

By understanding these limitations and proactively addressing them, civil engineering professionals can better leverage BIM’s capabilities while mitigating its potential negative impacts. This balanced approach will help in harnessing the full potential of BIM to enhance project efficiency, collaboration, and sustainability.

Collaboration is key: How BIM helps a project from concept to operations

Talking about collaboration and delivering a truly collaborative project through the use of BIM are two very different things. Ryan Simmonds of voestalpine Metsec Framing discusses the keys to success

At voestalpine Metsec, we recognise the fact that BIM is more than just a 3D modelling tool for design. BIM, at its core – and done correctly – is an integrated management system that allows 3D design, together with onsite construction and information, that enables handover to operationally manage the client’s facility. Metsec was the first company to achieve BIM Kitemark for design and construction and also for BIM objects.

Within BIM sits key elements for success. Coordination with other team members, or those working on a project, is crucial to ensure nothing is missed, as well as making sure there are no unnecessary duplications. Cooperation is another important area, and one where teams can often fall down through a lack of communication or sharing of vital information.

Together, cooperation and coordination help to contribute to true collaboration, with all parties working together to achieve a single goal and BIM has proved to be an essential tool to allow this approach.

Benefits of collaboration in construction projects

Collaboration is a method that the construction industry has historically struggled to adopt, but one that has been consistently demonstrated to greatly benefit the industry as a whole.

Collaborating on a project from the initial stages brings numerous benefits, including reducing time delays and the need for contingency funds. The appointed design team, contractors, manufacturers and installers all working collaboratively means designs, issues, priorities and construction methods are all agreed upon in the initial stages and fully understood by all parties.

While the theory of collaboration can seem abstract, it is a very real requirement for successful projects. If co-dependent elements of a project are executed in silos with no communication or coordination, projects can hit stumbling blocks.

For example, if the installer of the framing solution on a project has not communicated with the main contractor as to when they are required onsite, the project can either be delayed as the installer is not ready, or alternatively they’ll turn up onsite but not be able to gain access and begin the installation, resulting in wasted days and money.

Similarly, if the framing manufacturer and installer have not cooperated and communicated, the project could be delivered before it’s required, taking up valuable space onsite, or be delayed – again resulting in lost days.

BIM as a collaborative method

However, collaboration needs to go deeper and this is where Building Information Modelling (BIM) is vital. A structured, measured and comprehensive approach to team working, BIM has a fixed set of processes and procedures to guide users and participants how best to employ collaborative methods. Design coordination is an in-depth and involved process and BIM’s regular data exchanges ensure that the whole team is working on the same, and most up-to-date, model.

The notion of BIM is the process of designing, constructing or operating a building, infrastructure or landscape asset using electronic information. In practice, this means that a project can be designed and built using datasets and images digitally, even before the first spade goes in the ground.

Detecting conflict at early stages means they are addressed and resolved promptly and still during the planning stages. Without BIM, issues are often only picked up at major project milestones and at this point they can be difficult and expensive to rectify.

The objective of BIM is to satisfy the three components of a successful project, namely time, cost and quality, by managing the project using an efficient, collaborative and reliable method of work.

Sharing a 3D model with all parties communicates the planned end result in a clear, concise and fully comprehensible way – helping the full project team to understand the requirements and see what they are working towards. The information held within the model can be extracted from within in the form of Cobie files, which is also essential. Within these, if done to Level 2 standard, the manufacturer will host the correct file extensions and product parameters to allow asset management in future years.

However, another crucial element of BIM is the promotion, and adoption, of collaborative working. The digital designs, including product parameters, are shared with all parties to outline the work planned and give everyone the opportunity to fully understand what is proposed and all the requirements, including specifications such as fire and acoustic data. The BIM Execution Plan (BEP) is a critical document as it underpins project integration and is a written plan to bring together all of the tasks, processes and related information.

The BEP should be agreed at the outset and defines what BIM means for the project. It outlines the standards being adopted, outputs required, when these should be supplied and in what format, plus any supporting documentation.

As a working document, the BEP is regularly reviewed and evolves throughout the project, ensuring design teams, suppliers, manufacturers and all other stakeholders have all the relevant information, promoting collaboration between all parties.

The BIM Implementation Plan (BIP) is the blueprint for integrating BIM into an organisation’s working practices. This should align to the objectives and aspirations of the organisation, its business partners, its skill base, levels of investment and the nature and scale of projects that it wishes to undertake now and in the future.

Hosting both of these documents in a centrally coordinated Common Data Environment (CDE) means they can be updated, accessed or extracted at any time throughout the project. Adding all other BIM documents, including the 3D drawings, gives all of those involved in the overall project full visibility and input, promoting a collaborative approach throughout.

Conclusion

Talking about collaboration and delivering a fully collaborative project through the use of BIM are two very different things, and will have very different outcomes when it comes to a construction project.

While there have been moves to adopt a more collaborative approach, using BIM ensures that all stakeholders are consulted at all stages throughout the project and that the most up-to-date documents are hosted in one central location, reducing errors in file versions or timing plans.

In addition, the use of BIM means that a design and build is fixed from a certain, agreed point onwards, removing the need for additional contingency budget or project delays due to unplanned changes caused by a lack of communication, coordination, cooperation or collaboration.

Source: www.pbctoday.co.uk