In structural engineering, a shear wall is a vertical element of a system that is designed to resist in-plane lateral forces, typically wind and seismic loads. A shear wall resists loads parallel to the plane of the wall.
Shear Wall is a rigid vertical diaphragm capable of transferring lateral forces from exterior walls, floors, and roofs to the ground foundation in a direction parallel to their planes.
A stair flight is a run of stairs or steps between landings. A staircase or stairway is one or more flights of stairs leading from one floor to another, and includes landings, newel posts, handrails, balustrades and additional parts.
Flight is a continuous series of steps in one direction, separated by horizontal platforms or winders.
Landing, is the horizontal platform provided at the top-of a flight. If the landing is of a rectangular shape, having a length equal to twice the width of the stairs, the landing is called Half Space Landing.
AXIAL COLUMN SHORTENING In tall buildings, columns carry huge loads which effectively compress the column along its axis. This is commonly known as ‘axial shortening’.
The axial column displacements generate significant forces within the structural elements they support, and can also cause failure of surrounding non-structural elements.
