The most important key words for PMP exam 

                          The most important key words for PMP exam

 

1-  Discussing about agile and waterfall (Project life cycle)

2-  Person change charter (sponsor)

3-  Tools for mange contract and procurement documentation (record management system)

4-  Prevent scope creep (scope management plan)

5-  Generate information (Brainstorming)

6-  Generate and organize or grouping or classifying information (Affinity diagram)

7-  Generate and prioritization (Nominal group technique)

8-  Buffers, limited resources, project uncertainties (Critical chain method)

9-  Project terminated because problem in credit in the bank (Funding Limit Reconciliation)

10-  Project team leaves the site early (Ground rules)

11-  Long-term resolution (Problem solving)

12-  One of sh not received reports and others received (Review the communication management plan)

13-  Greatest potential Risk to your project (Tornado Diagram)

14-  The team has told you that, the cement will delay (Workaround)

15-  Insurance (Transference)

16-  Identify new risk and close the outdated risk (Risk reassessment)

17-  Effectiveness of risk responses (Risk audits)

18-  The contract will span multiple years and allow for final price adjustments based on changing conditions (Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment)

19-  A concrete mix ( 101)

20-  Classifying the identified stakeholders (power/ interest grid)

21-  Links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables (Requirements traceability matrix)

22-  Strike by local workers (What-If Scenario)

23-  Prevent cost overrun (change management plan)

24-  A method that doesn’t  consider the risk ( Triangular distribution)

25-  Discuss the Strategic Direction (the sponsor)

26-  Discuss the implementation strategy (PM)

27-  Reason why the project is authorized (Business case)

28-  Frequency &largest to smallest (Pareto diagram)

29-  SH roles (SH register)

30-  Training is an example of (Prevention cost)

31-  Least flexibility (CPM)

32-  Stability process ,control limits or 7 rules (control charts)

33-  Determine true magnitude (WBS)

34-  Uncontrolled changes (scope creep)

35-  Estimate the cost of quality in a process (flow chart)

36-  Identify new risk during execution (risk audits)

37-  Links product requirements to origin deliverables ( treacibility matrix)

38-  Labors strike (what-if-analysis)

39-  Relation problems (stakeholder management plan)

40-  Information problems (communication management plan)

41-  Narrative description (SOW)

42-  Why the project is authorized (business case)

43-  Frequency of occurrence, ranging from greater to smaller , ranking, 80/20 (Pareto diagram)

44-  Active acceptance (contingency reserves)

45-  Passive acceptance (management reserves)

46-  One line or linear (triangular distribution)

47-  Formal acceptance (validate scope)

48-  Final acceptance (close project or phase)

49-  Training (prevention cost)

50-  Identify success and failures of procurement contracts (procurement audit)

51-  Estimating cost using WBS (bottom-up estimating)

52-  Strategic directions (the sponsor)

53-  Implementation directions (PM)

54-  Snapshot  of  the status of various projects (milestone chart)

55-  Linked to potential problems, root causes (cause and defect diagram)

56-  No bias, Consensus or SME (Delphi)

57-  The point  where budget  is compared to earned value for performance measurements (control accounts)

58-  Statical relationships between the historical data and other variables (parametric estimating)

59-  Collect requirements (T&T)

Focus group (prequalified, SME)

Facilitated groups (key stakeholders, improve communications, increase consensus, discovered earlier and quickly, QFD, User stories) Interviews (elicit information directly, obtaining confidential information)

Group Creativity Techniques

Brainstorming (generate and collect)

Nominal group technique (enhances brainstorming, Voting, Ranking and Prioritize)

Affinity diagram (large numbers, classified into groups)

60-  Risk reassessment (new risks-current risk evaluates-outdated risks)

61-  Risk audit (effectiveness of risk response-identified risks with their root causes-the effectiveness of the risk management process)

62-  CPIF contracts (sharing ratio)

63-  FIXED Price (risk on seller)

64-  Cost plus (risk on buyer)

65-  Risk appetite (willing, a reward)

66-  Risk tolerance (withstand)

67-  Risk threshold ( level of uncertainty, level of impact, LIMITS)

68-  Communication management plan (Escalation, confidential information)

69-  Requirements traceability matrix (links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables)

70-  Identify factors that may influence (DOE)

71-  Team development

Forming (the team members work independently)

Storming (the team begins to understand the project work)

Norming (the team begins to learn from one another)

Performing (work as a well-organized unit and reach maximum performance)

Adjourning (the team completes the work)

72-  Discover the underlying causes for RISK (Root cause analysis)

73-  Organizational structure (EEF)

74-  Inspection (Control Quality)

75-  Control communications, summary activity, used between milestones or work package  (Hammok activity)

76-  Resource smoothing ( no affecting the critical path)

77-  Resource leveling (may impact the critical path)

78-  Project boundaries (a point in time that a project is authorized to its completion)

79-  Issue log (current issue, problems)

80-  Control quality (the team is doing the testing)

81-  Validate scope (the customer is doing the testing)

82-  Project performance appraisal (individual team member’s performance)

83-  Team performance assessment (assessment of project team’s effectiveness)

84-  Repetitive activities, 7 rules, limits (control limits)

85-  Trend analysis (comparison of  future performance with current  performance)

86-  Prioritize risks (qualitative risk analysis)

87-  Soft logic (discretionary dependency)

88-  Balanced matrix (both functional and project managers share the responsibility)

89-  Quality assurance (improve quality processes)

90-  Develop team (Recognition and rewards, training)

91-  Change management plan, forecasting (cost overrun)

 

 

 

 

Programs and Portfolios according to PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition

Programs and Portfolios according to PMBOK® Guide – Sixth Edition

 

According to the PMBOK Guide, program management focuses in the interdependencies within a project in order to determine the optimal approach for managing the project. Simply put, programs are bunches of projects that are all together and interrelated in some sort of capacity.

We see them roll into a program for more efficient management and so that resources can be shared between them. Oftentimes, by working in a program management structure, we can obtain benefits that are not available by simply managing projects on an individual basis.

These focus on project interdependencies, areas where resources might be able to be combined or used, areas where scope might interlap between projects and more. Program management finds the optimal combined approach to accomplishing several interrelated projects in the way that’s most efficient for the organization as a whole.

Portfolio management, on the other hand, is defined as the centralized management of one or more portfolios in order to achieve strategic objectives.

These portfolios can consist of both programs and of projects. Oftentimes, we may see a complex program broken down into not only several different projects but also subprograms as well that may have projects of their own.

In other cases, the structure may be more simple in nature with a single program and several projects running underneath it. In other case, we may have projects that are important to the organization but don’t share enough in common with other projects in order to merit a program relationship.

As such, we could consider those projects part of the portfolio, just as much as we do those that roll through a program first.

Let’s take a look at a more real-world example here using our fictitious rocket company, Apogee Ventures. Here, we might see that there are a number of different large-scale programs within our organization.

We’re focusing on manned launches in the future as well as on commercial payloads like satellites that we can take to orbit in addition to shared systems that may be able to help both of these as well as other opportunities that we may have to grow the business in the future.

Further, we may have a separate project that doesn’t roll directly into any of these but instead is focused on building our brand, both with the public at large as well as with the government agencies and corporations that may serve as our customers for launch missions moving forward. Within each of these different programs, we might see a variety of separate projects, as well as a variety of different subprograms.

Here, the capsule, life support system and platform integration might all be considered separate projects under the manned program, while under mission development, a subprogram, we might also see mission training and orbital science listed as separate projects.

As far as commercial payload goes, we may have payload certification, satellite development, and pricing model generation all serving different project teams within this program, while for shared systems, launchpad construction might be its own project, while two different phases of rocket development, both on control systems and propulsion, are interrelated enough that we consider using a program to manage both of them together.

Portfolio management works to maximize the value of projects across both programs and projects for the organization. It helps to align programs and projects to what top-level organizational objectives might exist, and help to set organization-wide policies, procedures, and resource allocations that all different project teams and programs would subscribe to.

As you might guess, there’s no optimal method to the way that we structure projects, programs, and portfolios for every organization. Instead, this will vary based on what the organization’s needs might be, the organization structure at large, and what best fits the strategies and objectives that the organization holds.

Achieving objectives using project frameworks, however, leads to more sustainable performance and results, which is why we often see projects working through these program and portfolio hierarchies in order to better manage our resources and to better meet the larger strategic objectives of organizations.

PMP Sixth Edition Exam Simulator n°01

Free PMP® Practice Exam Questions
100 Sample Test Questions

Based on the PMBOK® Guide Exam 6th Edition, and updated for the 2019 PMP Exam!

 

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1.

Vocal inflection accounts for how much understanding of verbal communication?

 
 
 
 

2.

On your current project, EV = $45,000, AC = $50,000, PV = $40,000. What is the schedule variance as a percentage of the work accomplished at this point in time?

 
 
 
 

3.

During the Executing and the Monitoring and Controlling phases, project managers frequently engage in replanning activity due to discovery or a change in customer needs. The term used to describe this process is called?

 
 
 
 

4.

One of your project team members approached you visibly upset. It appears the team member overheard a director and another project manager discussing an apparent scheme to defraud the company. What is the FIRST thing that you should do as the project manager?

 
 
 
 

5.

The project has been running smoothly; initiation phase is complete and the team is working on all aspects of planning. You had meetings with stakeholders several times to collect requirements and as a result, requirements documentation is almost complete, as are high-level and detailed design documents. As construction begins on the project, several stakeholders have indicated the need for changes to the requirements set. They are claiming these elements were missed in the initial requirements collection process, and they want you to add these elements to the project immediately. You perform an impact assessment and get it back to them only to hear that they are not going to allow any changes in the project budget or the timeline to complete these additional elements. What is the most effective tool that you could use to prevent this instance of scope creep?

 
 
 
 

6.

Which type of procurement document is most appropriate for a cost reimbursable contract?

 
 
 
 

7.

Your vendor just shipped you 100,000 parts. What is the best quality tool to use given that you do not have the time or the workers available to check each part?

 
 
 
 

8.

One of the risks identified in the project’s risk register has a probability of 85%. As the project manager what would you do first upon making this discovery?

 
 
 
 

9.

You have just created the scope management plan for your current project. As the project manager, what is the next thing that you should do?

 
 
 
 

10.

Stakeholders are generally classified based on their ________________________?

 
 
 
 

11.

The mechanical engineering manager has reported to you, a PMP, that the work due at the end of this week is going to be two weeks late. Your manager has requested that you do not report this to senior management. What does the PMI Code of Ethics require you to do?

 
 
 
 

12.

One of the goals of your current project is to automate a current process that is currently done manually. What is the best quality tool to use in this situation?

 
 
 
 

13. The buyer has established a CPFF vehicle for the current procurement activity. What is the buyer most concerned about?

 
 
 
 

14.

Which of the following statements about earned value is true?

 
 
 
 

15.

A Project Manager is using PDM to perform critical path analysis. The network diagram is represented as shown using below. Which of the following represents the path:

Activity Duration Dependent on
A 3 none
C 2 none
B 2 A
D 4 C
E 3 none
F 5 E
G 3 D,F
H 1 D,F
I 2 B,G
R 0 H,I
 
 
 
 

16.

For the sequence diagram in question 15, what is the float of activity B?

 
 
 
 

17.

For the sequence diagram in question 15, what is the float of activity H?

 
 
 
 

18.

According to PMI, the PMO is not responsible for…?

 
 
 
 

19.

You decide to conduct a quality audit of the cryogenic capable hardware being manufactured by your company during project execution. The quality audit will identify all of the following, except…?

 
 
 
 

20.

Which of the following statements about risk is the most correct?

 
 
 
 

21.

You have determined your project will optimistically take 24 weeks to complete, with a most likely completion date of 36 weeks and a pessimistic completion date of 72 weeks. Based on this three point estimate what is the likely completion timeline for the project?

 
 
 
 

22.

The five elements of the sender-receiver model in communications are …?

 
 
 
 

23.

The two basic standards that define the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct are:

 
 
 
 

24.

A SIPOC diagram is a type of…?

 
 
 
 

25.

You identified the possibility of several high-impact risks on your current project at the last stakeholder meeting. A senior VP was in attendance and immediately announced, “We’re looking for ‘can-do’ people for this project. If you can’t handle it, I’ll find someone who can!” What would be the best response to this statement?

 
 
 
 

26.

If you add two more people to a team of five people, how many additional lines of communication will be created?

 
 
 
 

27.

The life cycle of a product or service begins with…?

 
 
 
 

28.

An approved change request just increased the scope of your project. This could result in all of the following except?

 
 
 
 

29.

The essential difference between cost and price is…?

 
 
 
 

30.

Which of the following would be least important on the risk register?

 
 
 
 

31.

A finish to finish relationship is defined as which of the following?

 
 
 
 

32.

Which of the following best describes a stakeholder?

 
 
 
 

33.

In the Influence/Impact grid, the best management technique for stakeholders who are high in influence and high in impact is to…?

 
 
 
 

34.

Senior management brought you in to run a project as an ‘execution’ project manager. The timeline and the budget were already established by senior management and you have been asked to simply bring the project in on time and on budget. You do a thorough examination of the project parameters and discover that there is no way the current project can be completed for the budget and the time allotted. In fact, your calculation shows the project will cost 40% over the authorized budget and will take six months longer to complete. What should you do?

 
 
 
 

35.

The quality control team has raised concerns about the quality of the output of a specific manufacturing process consisting of 3 steps. The quality control team leader reports that there is a 99% probability step #1 will produce a defect free part, a 98% probability that step #2 will produce a defect free part and a 96% probability step #3 will produce a defect free part. At the end of the third step, what is the approximate probability that an article chosen at random will be defect free?

 
 
 
 

36.

The ability of the project manager to expend funds and allocate resources on a project is a function of?

 
 
 
 

37.

Reward power means that the project manager can issue rewards. Examples of rewards can include bonuses or comp time. PMI regards reward power as…?

 

 
 
 
 

38.

Your customer is having difficulty verbalizing the requirements for the upcoming project. The key stakeholder has stated to you “We want it to work sort of like this – I can’t really describe it but I’ll know it when I see it…” In this instance, what would be the most effective project lifecycle to implement?

 
 
 
 

39.

What costs are the most important costs that need to be considered when making a purchase decision for a product or service?

 
 
 
 

40.

Which of the following is not a leadership style in the Hersey/Blanchard situational leadership model?

 
 
 
 

41.

You are assessing two projects for risk. Project #1 has a most likely duration of 95 days with a standard deviation of 10 days, and Project #2 has a most likely duration of 110 days with a standard deviation of 5 days. All of the following statements are true except…?

 
 
 
 

42.

Rolling wave planning is__________________.

 
 
 
 

43.

To understand the requirements for the product of your current project, you have conducted a systems analysis, a requirements analysis, a product breakdown and a value analysis. These activities define what is known as a…?

 
 
 
 

44.

The risk register usually includes all of the following, except…?

 
 
 
 

45.

The Monitoring and Controlling phase of project management involves measuring your performance against the plan, looking for changes and variances, and how to bring future performance in line with the project plan. Which term best describes this type of action?

 
 
 
 

46.

The purpose of a change request resulting in a recommended preventive action is to…?

 
 
 
 

47.

All of the following statements about change are true except…?

 
 
 
 

48.

What do confronting, compromising, and forcing all describe?

 
 
 
 

49.

Project managers are frequently performing activities to control the budget, timeline, output and deliverables on a project. What does PMI mean by ‘control’?

 
 
 
 

50.

You are thinking of purchasing a software product from a relatively young organization – they have been in business less than two years. This is a cutting edge financial product that would put you at least 18 months ahead of all competitors in your market space. However, your concern is that if you purchase software from them, there is a possibility that they may go out of business and you would lose the investment in the software. You ask the company to outright purchase the software code, but the company has rejected this as an option. What is your best option moving forward if the company‘s survivability is an issue?

 
 
 
 

51. You are the Project Manager of ABC project. There was a conflict between two key project members. The three of you meet and decide to use compromise as the conflict resolution technique. Compromise generally leads to

 
 
 
 

52. The Procurement Statement of Work is an output of which of these processes?

 
 
 
 

53. Which of these is a tool for Develop Project Charter process?

 
 
 
 

54. Which of the following best describes the purpose of a war room?

 
 
 
 

55. You are the Project Manager of a project involving designing a computer system. Your team members follow what you tell them because you have the authority to provide negative feedback in their performance appraisal. This is an example of which type of power?

 
 
 
 

56. Cost baseline is usually represented using which curve or line?

 
 
 
 

57. You are in the process of Source Selection for a contract for your project. You are planning to use weighing process for source selection. There are four vendors being considered. There are two deciding factors price (weightage 40), quality (weightage 60). The scores of four vendors that your team has computed are displayed in the table below. Which vendor among these four should be chosen?

Vendor scores

Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4
Price 8 10 12 11
Quality 12 10 8 11
 
 
 
 

58. You are working on a project to build a bridge. You have reached the planned half way mark. The total planned cost at this stage is five hundred dollars. The actual physical work that has been completed at this stage is worth $400. You have already spent one thousand dollars on the project. What is the CPI?

 
 
 
 

59. You are working on a project to build a bridge. You have reached the planned half way mark. The total planned cost at this stage is five hundred dollars. The actual physical work that has been completed at this stage is worth $400. You have already spent one thousand dollars on the project. What is the Schedule Variance?

 
 
 
 

60. John needs to visit many countries as part of his job. He has learned that he needs to avoid being ethno-centric. What does ethnocentrism mean?

 
 
 
 

61. You are planning to use a screening system for source selection process to select a vendor for supplying food for your company? Which of these is a good example of a screening system?

 
 
 
 

62. Which of the following is not an input to the Conduct Procurements process?

 
 
 
 

63. You are using control charts to perform quality control. Which of these situations does not indicate that the process is out of control and an assignable cause needs to be assigned. Assume that the control limits have been set to three sigma.

 
 
 
 

64. You are the Project Manager of a car manufacturing company. As part of Quality Control you decide to check only 5% of the cars assembled for environmental check. Which technique are you using?

 
 
 
 

65. Which of the following is a true statement about risks?

 
 
 
 

66. Which of the following is not true about the Close Project or Phase process?

 
 
 
 

67. Which of the following is an output of the Identify Risks process.

 
 
 
 

68. In which process of the Project Risk Management knowledge area are numeric values assigned to probabilities and impact of risks

 
 
 
 

69. Your project is well underway, and the project management plan as well as subsidiary plans have been baselined and work is proceeding apace. A key project stakeholder has just approached you with a problem: a requirement was missed by the business in the requirements gathering process and they want it inserted into the project plan without having to go through the formal change request process. They would consider it a huge favor if you did so and would be willing to reciprocate at some later date. What should you do next?

 
 
 
 

70. Expert judgment is a tool and technique of all of the following processes except…?

 
 
 
 

71. Which of these is not an example of a project?

 
 
 
 

72. Describing stakeholders based on their power (ability to impose will), urgency (need for immediate attention), and legitimacy (their involvement), describes what type of grid or model?

 
 
 
 

73. Which of the following best describes Plan Stakeholder Management process?

 
 
 
 

74. A series of stakeholder meetings were called to address the needs of stakeholders for the upcoming project. A list of 150 requirements was drawn up. After reviewing the list and developing a high level estimate, the PM reported back to the stakeholder group that due to the budget limitations on the project, it would be possible to deliver only 75 of these requirements. A new meeting was called to cull the list from 150 to 75. The stakeholders were going through the list, when there was serious contention about a group of requirements. The disagreement escalated to a shouting match, and several stakeholders left the meeting infuriated. What risk tool would have best prevented this situation?

 
 
 
 

75. Project roles and responsibilities can be graphically represented in what is called a…?

 
 
 
 

76. On your current project, you have spent a week with the project team and the stakeholders defining the activities that will be executed to complete the product of the project. What is the next step you will perform in this process?

 
 
 
 

77. While executing the project it becomes obvious that you’re not going to hit your end date. The project may be delayed by at least two months. This may impact the start date of another project that was due to start right after yours completed. What type of float best describes this situation?

 
 
 
 

78. The lowest level of the WBS addresses__________________.

 
 
 
 

79. Project Scope Management defines the work required to complete the project successfully_______________.

 
 
 
 

80. You are developing a project statement of work for your current project. To what level of detail is the statement of work developed?

 
 
 
 

81. Cost overruns on a project are usually caused by some combination of the following with the exception of?

 
 
 
 

82. You are managing a project in which various stakeholders are for or against a specific change in the project. The best tool to identify the reasons for or against the change is _______________.

 
 
 
 

83. Which of the following is not part of the Control Communications process?

 
 
 
 

84. Project Communications Management involves the appropriate generation, election, dissemination, storage, and occasional disposition of project information. The overall focus of project communication is to…?

 
 
 
 

85. The manner in which individual resources, teams, and entire organizational units behave can be described by…?

 
 
 
 

86. Your company makes a product that a potential buyer is very interested in. After several discussions, the potential buyer issues a letter of intent to purchase the product within the next two months. Your company president takes this letter of intent (LOI) to the local commercial bank in the hopes of obtaining a short-term loan to purchase the necessary equipment to deliver on this potentially lucrative contract. The bank turns him down flat, even though the seller’s finances are in good order. Why do you think this is the case?

 
 
 
 

87. What does an SPC chart set the upper and lower control limits?

 
 
 
 

88. You are dealing with the stakeholder that views your project as a significant negative. What will you use to help minimize negative stakeholder impact on the project?

 
 
 
 

89. The wages of hourly workers on a time and materials project is considered a/an_________________ cost.

 
 
 
 

90. Training needs, recognition and rewards, and regulation or contract compliance are all items that are addressed as part of the…

 
 
 
 

91. The hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory developed by: Category: Group HR

 
 
 
 

92. You have been authorized by the contract administrator in your organization to handle specific changes in the contract should the need arise. The vendor on this particular procurement has indicated a need for a change in the current specification. You discuss the change with the vendor, verbally agree to it, and implement the change via the standard change request process, as specified in the contract. At an invoice audit several months later, the purchasing organization refuses to pay for the work that was entered in the change system. What has the project manager forgotten to do in this instance?

 
 
 
 

93. The communication plan is developed based on which of the following elements?

 
 
 
 

94. Validate Scope is part of what process group?

 
 
 
 

95. Since you had indicated that unavailability of resources was a risk on your project, you had a contingency strategy in place that allowed for a temporary staff augmentation. Management signed off on this approach. This risk was realized and you implemented the contingency plan, however the new staff may take longer to get up to speed in the environment than originally thought. What does this new situation describe?

 
 
 
 

96. The feature set for your company’s newest jet-ski line contains fewer features than those normally produced by the company. The QC manager is discussing this with the PM and is complaining that the design does not meet standard company production guidelines. His argument is that the limited feature set is inconsistent with the company’s established quality policy. What is the best way for the PM to respond to the QC manager?

 
 
 
 

97. Management from the customer side wants to bring in a project one month earlier than they had originally planned. Based on the current project timeline, product testing will have to be cut short. You have reviewed several options with the customer; they have decided that crashing the schedule would be the best approach to bringing in the project earlier. As a result of customer’s decision, what is your biggest concern using this approach?

 
 
 
 

98. Assessing how a stakeholder is likely to react in a given situation is described in ______________?

 
 
 
 

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Question 1 of 98

List of Free PMP Mock Exam

List of Free PMP Mock Exam

 

How Useful Are PMP® Mock Exams?

One of the most frequent question Aspirants will ask is: am I exam ready (i.e. can I write the exam now)? It is not only a waste of time and money if you take the actual exam when you are still not ready yet, think of the enormous pressure you have to endure sitting 4 hours before the screen and 15 seconds of the blank screen for the result to appear at the end of the exam. Aspirants would like to pass the exam in the first attempt without having to go through it again.

But, how to tell if you are PMP® exam ready (i.e. how to know if you can pass on the first attempt)? According to the experience of many exam takers, quality mock exams help a lot, especially if the mock exams are to be carried out in a simulated environment similar to the real exam with a timer.

 

List of Free Quality Mock PMP® Exam Questions

 

1 – [updated] Oliver Lehmann (Online)

2- [updated] Free PM Exam Simulator (Free 7-day Trial)

3- [udpated] Simplilearn Free PMP® Mock Exam

4- Oliver Lehmann (Downloadable PDF)

5- [updated] Edwel Mock Exam

6- [updated] PM Study Mock Exam

7- [updated] GreyCampus Mock Exam

 

Remark: please note that the Oliver Lehmann downloadable PDF mock exam is considered more difficult than the rest of the exams on the list. Don’t be discouraged if you cannot score over 75% on this one alone. Experiences from fellow Aspirants have proved that you can pass even with 75% or over in Oliver Lehmann downloadable PDF mock exam as it asks for additional knowledge from other project management books (the answer explanations often cite other reference titles of the exam than the PMBOK® Guide).

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