Circular columns are mostly used in piling and elevation of the buildings for aesthetic purposes.
In a circular column, more than 4 longitudinal steel bars are used as a reinforcement bar.
Its bending resistance is generally higher than the square or rectangular column.
Solid Slabs are fully customizable concrete slabs of varying width, length and thickness.
They can be designed and produced with mild reinforcing or by adding prestressing strands. Solid Slabs can be cast with specialty inserts for lifting, mounting or connecting hardware.
Steel deck is made by cold forming structural grade sheet steel into a repeating pattern of parallel ribs. The strength and stiffness of the panels are a result of the shape of the ribs and the material properties of the steel.
Deck lengths can be varied to suit job conditions but, because of shipping considerations, are usually less
than 40’. Standard deck width varies with the product used but full sheets are usually 12”, 18”, 24”, 30” or 36”. Deck is typically furnished in a standard width with the ends square cut. Any cutting for width, such as at openings or for angular fit, is done at the job site.
Deck is typically attached to the building frame with arc puddle welds, self drilling screws or powder or pneumatically driven pins.
Sheet to sheet fastening is done with screws, button punching (crimping), or welds.
The ultimate bearing capacity of a pile is the maximum load which it can carry without failure or excessive settlement of the ground. T
he bearing capacity of a pile depends primarily on 3 factors as given below, Type of soil through which pile is embedded.
Moment connections are designed to transfer bending moments, shear forces and normal forces.
The design strength and stiffness of a moment connection are defined in relation to the strength and stiffness of the connected members.
Shear is the term assigned to forces that act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of structural elements.
Capacities for Ordinary Bolts The shear strength of a bolt is a measurement of the minimum amount of force needed to break the bolt into two pieces. The shear strength of a metal bolt is approximately 0.6 times its tensile strength. A bolt commonly shears where its head meets the threads.
Universal Beams are used in floors will support more force vertically than a standard square beam. The are weaker against horizontal movement and do not react well to twisting.
They are used as a component in floor framing, and can be used with other beams and joists where extra load bearing capacity is required.
