The ultimate bearing capacity of a pile is the maximum load which it can carry without failure or excessive settlement of the ground. T
he bearing capacity of a pile depends primarily on 3 factors as given below, Type of soil through which pile is embedded.
Moment connections are designed to transfer bending moments, shear forces and normal forces.
The design strength and stiffness of a moment connection are defined in relation to the strength and stiffness of the connected members.
Shear is the term assigned to forces that act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of structural elements.
Capacities for Ordinary Bolts The shear strength of a bolt is a measurement of the minimum amount of force needed to break the bolt into two pieces. The shear strength of a metal bolt is approximately 0.6 times its tensile strength. A bolt commonly shears where its head meets the threads.
Universal Beams are used in floors will support more force vertically than a standard square beam. The are weaker against horizontal movement and do not react well to twisting.
They are used as a component in floor framing, and can be used with other beams and joists where extra load bearing capacity is required.
Crack width calculation is one of the serviceability requirements in the structural concrete elements.
The crack width of a flexural member is obtained by multiplying the maximum crack spacing by the mean strain of the flexural steel reinforcement.
