Punching Design and Calculation According to ACI318-05 Spreadsheet
This spreadsheet is a program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of either S-shape or W-shape underhung monorail beams analyzed as simple-spans with or without overhangs (cantilevers).
Specifically, the x-axis and y-axis bending moments as well as any torsion effects are calculated. The actual and allowable stresses are determined, and the effect of lower flange bending is also addressed by two different approaches.
Generally, we calculate deflection by taking the double integral of the Bending Moment Equation means M(x) divided by the product of E and I (i.e. Young’s Modulus and Moment of Inertia). … This number defines the distance in which the beam can be deflected from its original position.
A traditional gravity masonry retaining wall uses the mass of the brickwork/masonry to retain the earth behind it.
It can be built using a number of materials. The mass or weight of the bricks or blocks will determine the size of the wall required.